Presentation and Purchasing

People often choose products not because of what they are, but because of where they are.

Environment is the invisible hand that shapes human behavior.

Customers will occasionally buy products not because they want them but because of how they are presented to them.

Many of the actions we take each day are shaped not by purposeful drive and choice but by the most obvious option.

Habits can be easier to change in a new environment because you are not fighting against old cues.

Clear, J. (2019). Atomic habits: An easy & proven way to build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery, an imprint of Penguin Random House.

Habit stacking

Habit stacking is a strategy you can use to pair a new habit with a current habit.

Habit stacking works best when the cue is highly specific and immediately actionable. Many people select cues that are too vague.

Clear, J. (2019). Atomic habits: An easy & proven way to build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery, an imprint of Penguin Random House.

緡

一蚊並非源於一文錢

女性的坎坷

三寸金蓮

芭蕾舞鞋

Risks of colonoscopy

Although colonoscopy is a safe procedure in general speaking, risks exist. Risks include perforation, bleeding, complications of sedation, post-polypectomy coagulation syndrome, and rarely splenic rupture. In fact, complications of colonoscopy, particularly perforation or hemorrhage, occur most commonly in patients who undergo polypectomy. Hemorrhage after removal of a polyp is called post-polypectomy bleeding. Bleeding can occur immediately following polypectomy or be delayed up to thirty days. The risk is related to the type and size of polyp, the technique of polypectomy, and the coagulation status of the patient. In most of cases, postpolypectomy bleeding can be controlled endoscopically.

Fisher, D. A., Parra-Blanco, A., Tolliver, K. A., Feagins, L. A., Witt, D. M., Shioji, K., Liaquat, H., Hui, A. J., Shiffman, M. L., Anderson, M. A., Ferrari, E., Darvish-Kazem, S., Acosta, R. D., Ootani, A., Gibbs, D. H., Waye, J. D., Sawhney, M. S., Kim, H. S., Giorgio, P. D., … Yousfi, M. (2018, November 1). Colonoscopy, polypectomy, and the risk of bleeding. Medical Clinics of North America. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0025712518300944?via%3Dihub

Hong, S. P. (2012, September). How do I manage post-polypectomy bleeding?. Clinical endoscopy. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3429752/

Quantum computing and AI

Quantum computing and artificial intelligence are both transformational technologies that can enhance each other’s capabilities and applications. Quantum computing is the area of study focused on developing computer technology based on the principles of quantum theory, which can perform tasks much faster and more accurately than classical computers. Artificial intelligence is the field of computer science that aims to create machines and systems that can perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, and decision making. Quantum computing can provide a computation boost to artificial intelligence, enabling it to tackle more complex problems in many fields in business and science. Artificial intelligence can also help quantum computing by providing error correction and optimization algorithms. Some of the potential applications of quantum artificial intelligence are:

Quantum machine learning: This is the use of quantum algorithms to enhance the performance and efficiency of machine learning tasks, such as classification, regression, clustering, and reinforcement learning. Quantum machine learning can leverage the advantages of quantum computing, such as superposition, entanglement, and interference, to process large and complex data sets, speed up training and inference, and improve accuracy and generalization.

Quantum optimization: This is the use of quantum algorithms to solve optimization problems, such as finding the minimum or maximum of a function, or the best configuration of a system. Optimization problems are ubiquitous in many domains, such as logistics, scheduling, finance, and engineering. Quantum optimization can exploit the features of quantum computing, such as quantum annealing, quantum walks, and quantum adiabatic algorithms, to find optimal solutions faster and more reliably than classical methods.

Quantum cryptography: This is the use of quantum physics to secure the communication and transmission of information. Quantum cryptography can use quantum phenomena, such as quantum key distribution, quantum random number generation, and quantum digital signatures, to create unbreakable encryption schemes, detect eavesdropping, and verify authenticity.

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algorithm: a procedure for solving a mathematical problem in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation

regression: a functional relationship between two or more correlated variables that is often empirically determined from data and is used especially to predict values of one variable when given values of the others

clustering: the task of dividing the unlabeled data or data points into different clusters such that similar data points fall in the same cluster than those which differ from the others.

entanglement: something that entangles, confuses, or ensnares

inference: the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations usually with calculated degrees of certainty

ubiquitous: existing or being everywhere at the same time

quantum annealing: an optimization process for finding the global minimum of a given objective function over a given set of candidate solutions, by a process using quantum fluctuations.

eavesdropping: the act of secretly listening to something private

www.merriam-webster.com

www.analyticsvidhya.com

wikipedia.org

日語漢字

町（まち），在和語中可指市區、街區、都市內的一小部分區域，亦可指小規模的都市或市鎮。

wikipedia.org

酒精與體溫過低

酒精會導致體溫過低，這是一種危險的情況。體溫降至攝氏 35 度以下便可界定為體溫過低。 酒精會擴張血管並導致出汗，從而影響身體調節溫度的能力。 這會讓你失去熱量的速度快於產生熱量的速度，尤其是在寒冷的環境中。 酒精也會損害您的判斷力和意識，使您無法注意到體溫過低的跡像或採取適當的行動來讓自己和暖起來。 體溫過低會導致嚴重的併發症，例如心臟病發作、昏迷和死亡。 因此，適量飲酒並避免過量飲酒非常重要，尤其是在寒冷的天氣。 如果您懷疑有人體溫過低，請撥打當地的緊急電話號碼，並嘗試將他們轉移到溫暖的地方並脫掉濕衣服。

Help with Google Translate

Alcohol can cause hypothermia, which is a dangerous condition where your body temperature drops below 35 degree of Celsius. Alcohol affects your body’s ability to regulate its temperature by dilating your blood vessels and making you sweat. This can make you lose heat faster than you can produce it, especially in cold environments. Alcohol also impairs your judgment and awareness, which can prevent you from noticing the signs of hypothermia or taking appropriate actions to warm yourself up. Hypothermia can lead to serious complications, such as heart attack, coma, and death. Therefore, it is important to drink responsibly and avoid excessive alcohol consumption, especially in cold weather. If you suspect someone has hypothermia, call your local emergency number and try to move them to a warm place and remove their wet clothes.

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冷的時候喝些酒精飲料會讓你覺得自己正逐漸變暖。看起來也像是這樣，酒精令皮膚表層充血，讓你臉紅，你碰碰自己的臉，也會感到它變熱。但問題在於，血液已經離開你身體的主要部位，所以實際上你的核心溫度下降了。

如果你在室內，少量的酒並不會對核心體溫影響太大，不適感會逐漸減少。真正的問題是，在戶外，酒精促使血液流向表皮，所產生的熱感不能長久維持。在大量攝入酒精後進入寒冷環境，可能發生危險：酒精會減少身體自發的寒顫效應，減少對寒冷的感知和防範。

酒精讓你體表溫度上升，因此你覺得暖和，但你的核心體溫可能下降。過量酒精會增加你體溫過低的風險。

bbc.com

Fire and seeds

Some seeds need fire to germinate, which means to start growing into new plants. These seeds are called pyrophytic or fire-loving seeds, and they belong to plants that have adapted to survive and thrive in fire-prone habitats. Fire can help these seeds by breaking their hard coating, releasing nutrients from the ash, clearing the competition, and creating favorable conditions for growth. Some examples of plants that have fire-activated seeds are the lodgepole pine, the eucalyptus, the banksia, the royal poinciana, and the callistemon.

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Illustrated Depth of Field

Changing the aperture of a lens changes depth of field (DOF). The dotted black lines show how well the lens can focus the image. As an object moves away from the best focus position (where the dotted lines cross), object details move into a wider area of the cone (three dimensional imagination). The wider the spread of the cone, the more the image blurs into the surroundings.

Modified and simplified from edmundoptics.com

Izanagi's Spear and Japanese Mythology

從前，男女神 Izanagi 和 Izanami 從高天原來到水世界創造陸地。 Izanagi的「槍」中的水滴凝固在現在稱為日本的土地上，Izanami 和 Izanagi 隨後在這片土地上安置了神。

Once upon a time, the male and female deities Izanagi and Izanami came down to a watery world from Takamagahara to create land. Droplets from Izanagi's 'spear' solidified into the land now known as Japan, and Izanami and Izanagi then populated it with kami.

Morgan, K., & Milner, R. (2018). Kyoto. Lonely Planet Global.

My Dark Age

Algae

Film

Dim Lighting

CCTV

盧老師〈星星的話〉

「朋友呀！謝謝你的愛護，更高與見到你，不過，你真的改變了不少。別以為是什麼污濁環境困擾你，而使你改變，而是你自己的思想改變，只要有堅強的意志，甚麼濁氣也不能沾染你、俘虜你。現在的你，已給自卑、懦弱及矛盾所籠罩。朋友，醒來吧，不要再怨恨環境，小心尋回你自己。我願伴著你去找，但願我那絲銀光，使你看得清楚些。」

小思

一九五七年

辦公室政治，一點也不懂，也不屑去學。不去學，可能會帶來禍害，可能會被人陷害，但真我誠可貴。工作已經夠忙碌，只能默默耕耘。沉默是金，不慎言弊病多。要多思考別人說話背後的用意，才能在職場生存。

Flash Exposure

Flash, compulsory

Reduction of flash output

The object is too dark.

Origin

According to a Greek myth, the Milky Way was created when Hera, the wife of Zeus, pushed away his son Heracles, who was suckling on her breast, and some drops of milk spilled into the sky. The word “galaxy” itself comes from the Greek word for "milk".

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Incomplete sleep cycle and napping

An incomplete sleep cycle can make you feel sleepy during the day. A sleep cycle is a period of about 90 minutes that consists of four stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and one stage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Each stage has different characteristics and functions for your brain and body. 

However, if your sleep cycle is interrupted by factors such as noise, light, stress, or medical conditions, you may not be able to progress through all the stages of sleep or get enough sleep cycles. This can result in sleep deprivation, which can cause daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, mood changes, and increased risk of accidents and health problems.

To avoid incomplete sleep cycles and improve your sleep quality, you can try the following tips:

I) Stick to a regular sleep schedule, going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends and holidays.

II) Avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and heavy meals close to bedtime, as they can interfere with your sleep quality and duration.

III) Create a comfortable and relaxing sleep environment, with minimal noise, light, and temperature.

IV) Follow a relaxing bedtime routine, such as reading, listening to soothing music, or meditating, to help you unwind and prepare for sleep.

V) Avoid using electronic devices, such as phones, computers, and TVs, at least an hour before bed, as they can emit blue light that can suppress your melatonin production and disrupt your circadian rhythm.

A nap is a short period of sleep that usually occurs during the day. Napping can have various benefits, such as improving alertness, mood, memory, and reducing stress. However, napping can also have some drawbacks, such as interfering with your nighttime sleep, causing grogginess, or affecting your health.

The relationship between napping and sleep cycles is complex and depends on several factors, such as the timing, duration, and quality of your naps and your nocturnal sleep. Generally speaking, the best time to take a nap is in the early to mid-afternoon, when most people experience a natural decline in energy and alertness. The best duration for a nap is between 10 and 30 minutes, which allows you to get some light and REM sleep without entering deep NREM sleep. This can help you wake up feeling refreshed and alert without experiencing sleep inertia (the feeling of grogginess and disorientation after waking up from a deep sleep).

Longer naps can have the opposite effect, as they can cause more sleep inertia and reduce your sleep drive at night. Shorter naps may not be enough to provide any significant benefits.

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日本古代的漢字應用

日本古代使用了中國漢字，但也有自己的發展和變化。根據歷史記載，日本最早接觸到中國漢字是在公元前1世紀，當時日本的倭國和中國的漢朝有過貿易和外交往來，並通過朝貢和使節的方式獲得了漢字的書籍和文物 。

日本的漢字使用在奈良時代達到了高峰，當時日本的政治、文化、宗教等方面都受到了中國唐朝的強烈影響，並大量採用了漢字作為官方的書寫語言。日本的第一部歷史書《古事記》和第一部法典《大寶律令》都是用漢字書寫的 。然而，漢字並不能完全表達日本語的語法和發音，因此日本人開始創造了一些新的文字系統，如平假名和片假名，來表示日本語的音節和詞尾。平假名和片假名都是從漢字的部分筆畫或簡化字演變而來的，並與漢字混合使用，形成了日本獨特的文字風格 。

日本的漢字使用在平安時代開始衰落，當時日本的政治和文化逐漸脫離了中國的影響，並發展出了自己的風格和特色。日本的文人開始用平假名書寫日本語的文學作品，如《源氏物語》，而不再依賴漢字。漢字的使用範圍也逐漸縮小，主要限於官方的文書和學術的著作 。

日本的漢字使用在江戶時代又有了復興，當時日本的社會和經濟發生了巨大的變化，導致了文化和教育的普及和發展。日本的文人開始重視漢字的學習和研究，並創造了一些新的漢字，如「島」、「雪」、「鳥」等，來表示日本特有的事物和概念。日本的平民也開始學習和使用漢字，並發展出了一種簡化的漢字，稱為「草書」，來書寫日常的信件和帳簿 。

日本的漢字使用在明治時代遇到了挑戰，當時日本的政治和社會發生了近代化的變革，並與西方國家有了廣泛的交流和合作。日本的政府和學者開始推行一些文字改革，以適應新的時代和環境。他們試圖減少漢字的使用，並引進了一些外來的文字，如羅馬字和片仮名，來表示外來語和科學術語。他們還制定了一些規範和標準，以統一漢字的寫法和讀法 。

日本的漢字使用在現代仍然保持了一定的地位和功能，但也面臨著一些新的問題和挑戰。日本的漢字數量和難度都很高，對於學習和使用者來說都是一種負擔和壓力。日本的漢字和中國的漢字也有一些差異和不一致，對於跨文化的交流和理解也有一定的障礙。日本的漢字和電子媒體和網絡技術也有一些不適應和不兼容，對於信息的傳遞和處理也有一些限制和困難 。

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Can hot food damage our teeth?

Hot food can damage the tooth if the tooth enamel is weakened or eroded by other factors, such as acidic or sugary foods and beverages, or dental decay. When the tooth enamel is compromised, the underlying layer of dentine, which is more sensitive and less resistant to heat, is exposed. This can cause pain and discomfort when eating or drinking hot food.

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由被照顧變為照料者

看著父母的年紀一天比一天增長，還每天都在照顧自己的起居飲食，心裡有一種羞愧。當他們不能自己照顧自己的時候，真的要安排讓他們住在安老院、護理安老院或護養院？院社由登記到成功入住要等多久？公營和私營有何分別？價格又是如何？太多事情都沒有了解過。

雖然自己有基本的護理知識，但真的可放棄工作，在沒有薪金的支持下做一個全職的照顧者？我現在的工作不能讓我滾存足夠的資金籌劃未來，支持現時自己的生活還勉勉強強，將來做一個全職的照顧者恐怕不行。孝順，談何容易？！

眼見政府對照顧者的支援嚴重不足，很多時出現長者照顧長者。政府在愛國工程、未知成果的基建上亂花金錢，對真正有需要人士漠不關心。照顧者經濟上、心理上的壓力爆表。基層市民尚有少許非牟利機構支持，爸爸算是夾心階層，只有自求多福。

Identity and Habits

The more pride you have in a particular aspect of your identity, the more motivated you will be to maintain the habits associated with it.

For example:

The goal is not to read a book, the goal is to become a reader.

Clear, J. (2019). Atomic habits: An easy & proven way to build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery, an imprint of Penguin Random House.

Chlorinated water and Teeth

超過 26% 的競技游泳選手和 10% 的休閒游泳選手出現牙齒侵蝕。競技游泳選手的損傷發生在前牙的 Labial 和 Palatal 表面，而休閒游泳選手的侵蝕僅發生在Palatal表面。儘管池水的pH值是中性的，但 Hydroxyapatite 是不飽和的。

Dental erosion was found in more than 26 % of the competitive swimmers and 10 % of the recreational swimmers. The lesions in competitive swimmers were on both the labial and palatal surfaces of the anterior teeth, whereas erosions in recreational swimmers developed exclusively on the palatal surfaces. Although the pH of the pool water was neutral, it was undersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite.

Buczkowska-Radlińska, J., Łagocka, R., Kaczmarek, W., Górski, M., & Nowicka, A. (2012, April 3). Prevalence of dental erosion in adolescent competitive swimmers exposed to gas-chlorinated swimming pool water - clinical oral investigations. SpringerLink. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00784-012-0720-6

The labial surface is the aspect of the maxillary central incisor tooth that faces towards the lips and vestibule.

www.elsevier.com

The palatal surface of a tooth is directed toward the palate.

www.imaios.com

Extended exposure to chlorinated water can lead to erosion of tooth enamel. After swimming, you can rinse your mouth with tap water to wash away any remaining pool water that can damage your teeth. Also, you should brush with fluoride toothpaste twice a day.

The general consensus is that the optimal pH value for pool water is 7.4.

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開心發現

iPhone 接觸不良，一根牙籤排除問題

1)把你的iPhone關機

要解決任何手機上的疑難雜症，第一步驟就是把iPhone關機。以避免過程中導致短路的狀況。

2)準備一支牙籤

沒有錯，既是我們平常吃飯後用的牙籤，針對底部，將裡面的棉絮挖出。

3)靜置10分鐘後，插電測試

將髒污或棉絮挖出之後，等待約10分鐘的時間，插電測試。

hocom.tw

食用纖維雙刃劍

膳食纖維可透過增加糞便的重量和大小並軟化糞便來促進排便。 大而軟的糞便會容易排出，降低便秘的風險。 纖維也會吸收水分並形成凝膠狀物質，幫助糞便順利通過腸道並提高其黏稠度。 溶解在水中的可溶性纖維對此特別有幫助。 你可以在燕麥、豆類、蘋果和胡蘿蔔等食物中找到可溶性纖維。

當你患有便秘時吃太多膳食纖維可能是一個壞主意。

它會導致腹脹、脹氣和腹部不適，讓您感覺更便秘、更不舒服。 對於可溶性纖維來說尤其如此，它會吸收水分並在腸道中形成凝膠狀物質。 可溶性纖維也會在腸道中發酵，產生會導致抽筋和脹氣。

吃太多纖維會幹擾消化系統的正常功能，例如蠕動和排便反射。 它可能會導致大便變硬。 不溶性纖維會增加糞便體積，就像刷子一樣，如果攝取過多，也會刺激腸道並引起發炎。

如果你已經便秘，吃太多纖維可能對你沒有幫助，甚至可能使你的病情變得更糟。 在增加纖維攝取量之前，你應該諮詢你的醫生，因為可能還有其他導致便秘的原因需要解決，例如藥物、脫水、缺乏運動、壓力或潛在疾病。

Dietary fibre increases bowel movement by increasing the weight and size of your stool and softening it. A bulky and soft stool is easier to pass, reducing the risk of constipation. Fiber also absorbs water and forms a gel-like substance, which helps your stool glide smoothly through your intestines and improves its consistency. Soluble fibre, which dissolves in water, is especially helpful for this purpose. You can find soluble fibre in foods like oats, beans, apples, and carrots.

Eating too much dietary fibre when you suffer from constipation can be a bad idea.

It can cause bloating, gas, and abdominal discomfort, which can make you feel more constipated and uncomfortable. This is especially true for soluble fibre, which absorbs water and forms a gel-like substance in your intestines. Soluble fiber can also ferment in your gut, producing gases that can cause cramps and flatulence.

Eating too much fiber can interfere with the normal functioning of your digestive system, such as the peristalsis and the defecation reflex. It may cause hard stools. Insoluble fibre, which adds bulk to your stools and acts like a brush, can also irritate your bowels and cause inflammation if you consume too much of it.

If you are already constipated, eating too much fiber may not help you and may even make your condition worse. You should consult your doctor before increasing your fiber intake, as there may be other causes of constipation that need to be addressed, such as medication, dehydration, lack of exercise, stress, or underlying diseases.

Before Watching Thrice Upon A Time

《新世紀福音戰士劇場版：序》

15年前，一場前所未有的大災難「第二次衝擊」席捲全球，令半數人類死亡，世界各地亦留下了大破壞。15年後，14歲的少年碇真嗣被三年未見面的父親碇源堂召來第3新東京市，等待接載時，看見聯合國軍隊正在和使徒激烈交戰。使徒展開AT力場，將攻擊通通擋下。真嗣受到波及陷入危機，前來接迎的葛城美里將他救出，並載著他來到特務機關NERV本部。真嗣和父親久別重逢，卻馬上被父親要求駕駛初號機對抗使徒。雖然真嗣採取反抗態度，但在看到要替補他的綾波麗的傷勢後，終於拋下逃避的念頭，決意出擊。

真嗣在未受任何訓練之下成功啟動初號機，在地面與使徒對峙，結果因為操縱不靈活和恐懼而毫無招架之力，被使徒痛擊至無法動彈。真嗣失去意識後，初號機自行動了起來，如野獸般擊倒使徒，使徒自爆後初號機仍毫髮無傷。昏迷中的真嗣做了一段耐人尋味的夢，後來在醫院醒來。

雖然真嗣達成了任務，父子關係依舊僵持。真嗣被安排在NERV住下來，不過美里主動請命上級讓真嗣搬到她的公寓，真嗣也開始到新的中學上課。在轉學第一天，真嗣被同學冬二以妹妹在使徒事故中受傷為由毆打。第5使徒來襲時，真嗣的表現因沮喪和前次出戰的恐懼而大受影響，沒多久就遭到壓制無法反擊。戰鬥到一半時，沒有去避難、溜出來觀戰的冬二和劍介差點被波及，美里要真嗣保護兩人後撤退，但真嗣反覆告訴自己不能逃避，在能源所剩無幾時奮不顧身使用高震動粒子刀與使徒硬碰硬。最後真嗣殲滅使徒，但他也幾近崩潰。事後，真嗣因為違反軍令遭到美里訓斥，他心灰意冷之下離家出走，之後被帶回。

真嗣回到NERV後，受託將新的通行證拿給綾波，因此與她有了意外的近距離接觸。然而綾波始終對真嗣冷淡，甚至因為真嗣抱怨源堂的事而打了他。之後第6使徒來襲，真嗣奉命出擊，卻馬上遭到高能量攻擊，性命垂危。第6使徒開始轉換型態，將鑽頭往地下都市的NERV本部鑽去，預計抵達時間不到半天。因為無法使用EVA與使徒近身戰鬥，美里決定啟動屋島作戰計劃，由EVA操作戰略自衛隊秘密試作的陽電子炮狙擊使徒，並得徵調全國電力作為能源。

真嗣甦醒後馬上被告知作戰行動，不由得又陷入了抗拒，美里於是帶著他到最底層，讓他見識NERV為了避免第三次衝擊發生而拼命守護的對象——第2使徒莉莉絲。在美里的說服下，真嗣同意再次出擊。射擊的責任交付到初號機身上，綾波則駕駛零號機持盾掩護。第一次射擊雖然命中了核，但使徒卻在激烈變形之後復原，並予以反擊。初號機受到了衝擊，真嗣一時之間啜泣不止。源堂下令改由零射擊，但美里選擇相信真嗣，真嗣振作之後也撿起陽電子炮繼續任務。使徒發射了第二發攻擊，零號機持盾極為勉強地擋下，讓真嗣有機會開炮，成功消滅使徒。在使徒死後的一片狼藉中，真嗣讓零號機的插入栓釋出，並急忙打開插入栓查探綾波的狀況。綾波沒有什麼大礙，看著喜極而泣的真嗣而不知如何應對，真嗣告訴她只要露出笑容就好，綾波於是對著他一笑。

在月球上的NERV第七支部，一個赤裸的少年渚薰從一個箱子中醒來，他是EVA六號機的駕駛員，也是最後一個使徒。他對真嗣表示出了興趣，並期待著與他見面。

《新世紀福音戰士劇場版：破》

在舊北極的伯達尼基地，被解剖了的第3使徒逃脫封印，隨後由真希波駕駛EVA暫設5號機迎擊。受到重創的5號機破壞使徒核心後，插入栓脫離、機體自爆。 鏡頭轉到第3新東京市，碇真嗣與父親源堂到母親碇唯的墓碑前掃墓。回途中第7使徒來襲，明日香駕駛EVA2號機登場迎擊、將其殲滅。之後明日香與真嗣一樣搬到了葛城美里家，並轉學到了同一所學校。

加持良治邀請真嗣、綾波麗、冬二、劍介以及明日香參觀將紅色海水還原的機構，真嗣在加持的話語中知道了美里加入NERV的原因，也就是第二次衝擊。衛星軌道上出現的第8使徒發動重力攻擊，美里制定三架EVA共同作戰計劃。在使徒快要墜落於第3新東京市時，初號機用AT力場承接，核心則由零號機固定，2號機將其擊破。初號機和零號機都受了相當嚴重的損傷，修理期間真嗣等人度過了一段快樂的校園時光。另一方面，月球表面的塔布加基地正在建造一台新的EVA。

NERV北美第2支部進行的EVA4號機試驗導致支部被毀滅。之後3號機移交日本，並安排於松代進行啟動實驗。礙於「梵諦岡條約」規定一國只能有三架EVA，2號機遭到封印，明日香轉而擔任3號機啟動實驗的測試駕駛員。實驗當天，明日香搭乘的3號機被使徒入侵並引起爆炸。之後認定為第9使徒，源堂命令初號機出擊，真嗣因為知道明日香在插入栓內而無法出手。之後在源堂的命令下初號機轉由傀儡系統操控，最終以暴力的戰鬥方式將3號機分屍並咬碎3號機插入栓。奇蹟生還的明日香因可能遭受使徒的精神污染而被隔離。自責的真嗣決定不再駕駛EVA並離家出走。

最強的拒絕型第10使徒來襲，秘密入境的真希波駕駛2號機在地下空間迎擊使徒。第10使徒的AT力場非常強，即使2號機變身獸化第2形態仍然不敵。之後零號機手持N2航空誘導彈零距離攻擊使徒核心也失敗了。結果零號機被使徒捕食，吸収了零號機和綾波的第10使徒變身人型。目睹使徒造成的慘狀及零號機被捕食後，真嗣又決定駕駛初號機出擊。一番戰鬥後，初號機電源耗盡、活動停止。在真嗣喊出「把綾波……還給我！」之後，初號機覺醒成「接近神的存在」，拘束具脫落。依靠這力量完全壓制第10使徒，並從使徒中救出綾波。最終變身「光之巨人」，引發第三次衝擊。

渚薰駕駛6號機趕到，以卡西烏斯之槍貫穿初號機，第三次衝擊中止。

《新世紀福音戰士劇場版：Q》

葛城美里領導部分前NERV成員組成反NERV組織WILLE，對NERV的EVA進行殲滅行動。WILLE所屬EVA改2號機（搭乗者：明日香）和8號機（搭乗者：真希波）在衛星軌道上對被NERV封印的初號機進行奪回作戰——US作戰。

改2號機受到自動防衛系統Mk.04A的攻擊，在8號機的援護射擊下進行突破。接着遭到與初號機收容在一起的Mk.04B的阻擊而面臨墜入大氣層燒毀的危險，明日香向真嗣求救，暫時覺醒的初號機將Mk.04B消滅，2號機和初號機一同返回地球。作戰成功。

在WILLE的戰艦AAA Wunder上醒來的真嗣，於14年之後重遇葛城美里和明日香等WILLE成員。眾人認為真嗣是引起「近第三次衝擊」的元兇而冷待他；並警告他不得再駕駛EVA，更強行要他佩戴能致死的項圈DSS Choker，以免他駕駛EVA時因自身感情引發EVA覺醒而失控。眾人又告訴真嗣14年前綾波麗並未獲救。

Wunder遭「涅墨西斯系列」4機的襲擊，擁有「弒神之力」的Wunder炮擊並消滅對方。之後NERV所屬的EVA Mark.09前來襲擊Wunder，真嗣誤認Mark.09為零號機，並聽出駕駛員為綾波麗的聲音，隨後無視葛城美里的警告而同Mark.09一道前往NERV。8號機出擊阻截Mark.09失敗，但葛城美里始終沒有啟動DSS Choker，讓Mark.09帶着真嗣離開了啟動範圍。

地表之上的第3新東京市早已消失，回到被摧毀的NERV總部的真嗣，接到碇源堂命令，要與渚薰一起駕駛EVA第13號機。

真嗣在得知綾波麗依然活着，並在鋼琴二重奏中與渚薰熟稔後逐漸重新振作。但真嗣稍後從薰得知自己在14年前引發「近第三次衝擊」，導致地球生命滅絕，之後再從冬月副司令口中得知初號機核心是母親唯之靈魂寄宿其中，而唯之基因數據被保存起來製作成複製人綾波麗系列，當年認識的綾波麗被吸收到初號機之中，而且一切都是碇源堂之計劃，真嗣對於未能真正救出綾波，面對眼前全無記憶及情感之另一位綾波更感到絕望。

第13號機完成後，絕望之真嗣本來拒絕行動。渚薰為真嗣拆除DSS項圈，把它戴到自己的脖子上並說︰「當第13號機手持朗基努斯與卡西烏斯兩把槍，就能讓世界重新來過」，再次給予真嗣希望，成功說服真嗣一同駕駛第13號機。

第13號機同綾波麗駕駛的Mark.09一起抵達了中央大垂直溝最深處，薰看到Lilith上的EVA Mark.06被兩把朗基努斯長槍貫穿驚覺有異，陷入一陣思考。此時明日香的改2號機和真希波的8號機來襲，薰無暇解釋而只能勸阻真嗣拔出槍，但一心希望重獲眾人認同的真嗣強行切斷薰對EVA的控制權並拔出了兩把槍。之後，第2使徒Lilith的屍骸崩解，潛藏在Mark.06體內的第12使徒再度活動，並在Mark.09將Mark.06的頭斬落時，以黑色帶狀形態纏繞第13號機。結果第13號機覺醒，使全身佈滿核心的第12使徒迅速縮小並將之吞噬。吞下使徒的第13號機進入疑似神化形態並飛上空中打算發動第四次衝擊。

真嗣驚愕地目睹第四次衝擊開始並再次摧毀地表。葛城美里率領Wunder攻擊第13號機以制止衝擊；但碇源堂命複製綾波麗利用Wunder原主人Mark.09趁機搶奪Wunder控制權。明日香透過「代號777」將改2號機獸化與Mark.09交戰，並把Mark.09的頭擰斷後無法殲滅而使其再生；雙方駕駛員強行射出插入栓，改2號機最終自爆將Mark.09殲滅。

在第13號機內，薰安慰自責的真嗣，告知他會阻止第四次衝擊，先用兩枝槍刺穿第13號機的核心，接着讓DSS項圈爆炸，然而直至真希波強行拔出真嗣的插入栓才完全停止。

真希波和8號機隨同AAA Wunder離開。逃出改2號機的明日香在地上廢墟找到真嗣的插入栓，發現他再度失去鬥志，只得把他拽出艙外。此時，從Mark.09逃出的複製綾波麗出現，於是三人一起走向遠方等待救援。

Excel skill

How to select two sets of data in excel?

Select the first cell or range of cells, and then hold down CTRL while you select the other cells or ranges.

support.microsoft.com

Esc Key cancels an entry in the cell or Formula Bar.

www.excelhowto.com

How to select the cells of one column until the last used cell?

Selecting the first cell and then pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key. Note: If the row or column contains data, CTRL+SHIFT+ARROW key selects the row or column to the last used cell.

support.microsoft.com

Wi-Fi technology

Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that allows devices to communicate and access the Internet without cables or wires. Wi-Fi stands for “wireless fidelity” and it is based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. Wi-Fi uses radio waves to transmit and receive data between devices and routers or access points.

Copilot

Fidelity: the degree to which an electronic device (such as a record player, radio, or television) accurately reproduces its effect (such as sound or picture)

m-w.com

Tepal

A tepal is a part of a flower that is not clearly a sepal or a petal. Sepals are the outermost parts of the flower that protect the bud, while petals are the inner parts that attract pollinators. Tepals are used to describe the parts of the flower when they look similar to each other, or when they are all the same color and shape.

Copilot

語境

上文下理

context: the parts of a discourse that surround a word or passage and can throw light on its meaning

discourse: conversation

m-w.com

Excel Icons

Big White Cross: Select Icon

Skinny Cross with Black Arrows: Move Icon

Little Skinny Cross without Arrows: Hovering on Fill Handle

Doppler effect and Big Bang Theory

The Doppler effect can help us measure the expansion of the universe. By observing the redshift of the light from distant galaxies, we can estimate how fast they are moving away from us. This is because the expansion of space stretches the wavelength of the light, making it appear redder. The more distant the galaxy, the greater the redshift, and the faster the expansion.

Copilot

Improve in a scientific way

Just as atoms are the building blocks of molecules, atomic habits are the building blocks of remarkable results.

Clear, J. (2019). Atomic habits: An easy & proven way to build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery, an imprint of Penguin Random House.

無謂的憶念

「雨灑在街上，憶念的心情也像雨的紛亂；然則我的心情也像雨灑在街上那末毫無印跡吧，還是把印跡也洗去了呢！」

--- 戴望舒

Camera Settings for Indoor Family Portraits

Aperture Priority

f/7.1

ISO 200

Focal Length: 18mm

Resultant Shutter Speed: 1/6 Second

With Tripod and Flash Disabled

Entrepreneur

 DJ[͵ɔntrəprəˋnə:]

Improvement

Learning one new idea won't make you a genius, but a commitment to lifelong learning can be transformative.

Goals are good for setting a direction, but systems are best for making progress.

Clear, J. (2019). Atomic habits: An easy & proven way to build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery, an imprint of Penguin Random House.

Fill Handle

Move your mouse pointer to the bottom right corner of the selected cell. You should see a small black square, which is the fill handle. Double-click the fill handle. This will automatically copy the formula down to the end of your data, matching the rows in adjacent columns.

edu.gcfglobal.org

科索沃戰爭

科索沃戰爭是指1996年至1999年在南斯拉夫聯邦共和國的科索沃自治省發生的一場武裝衝突，涉及塞爾維亞政府軍、科索沃解放軍和北約等多方勢力。這場戰爭的背景是科索沃境內的阿爾巴尼亞族和塞爾維亞族之間的民族矛盾和政治分歧，以及南斯拉夫的政治和經濟危機。這場戰爭的過程可以分為兩個階段：第一階段是1996年至1998年的內部戰爭，主要是塞爾維亞軍隊和警察與科索沃解放軍的游擊戰，雙方都犯下了嚴重的戰爭罪行，造成了大量的平民傷亡和流離失所；第二階段是1999年的國際衝突，主要是北約對南斯拉夫的空襲行動，旨在迫使塞爾維亞政府停止對科索沃的鎮壓和暴力，並接受一個由聯合國主導的政治解決方案。這場戰爭的結果是塞爾維亞軍隊在北約的壓力下撤出科索沃，科索沃成為一個由聯合國和北約維和部隊管轄的保護區，並在2008年宣佈獨立，但未得到塞爾維亞和部分國家的承認。

Copilot

Radiation

Alpha and beta radiation are types of radiation made out of particles. Alpha radiation has a high power of ionisation but low penetration. Beta radiation has a low power of ionisation but high penetration. Gamma radiation is a low-ionising, highly penetrating wave-like radiation.

shiken.ai

Aimer - 群青色の空

Warm my cold skin with your palms at dusk

Still want to stay in this silent moment

Arrange the items you discover gently

We may still miss something

I hope we could meet again coincidentally

Feeling as if you are right next to me

When I keep looking at the distant sky

Fireworks that bloom in the sky and our chests tremble

Embrace the secret voice that cannot be repressed

I will definitely recall the light I once stared at

Every time I'm alone, I miss you deeply

Stagnation

What is the destination before the emotion is expressed fully?

It would be satisfactory if I could laugh next to you again

My emotion is still hard to let go although I said goodbye quietly

Dark blue stars twinkling at night

On the other side of the waving scenery,

I say goodbye to you and I will surely recall it in the future

The instant that will never happen again

It deeply engraved in my heart and I will never forget it

Things that are constantly changing

Gradually dyed with color in the fixed scenery

Meiji Restoration

stagnant: not advancing or developing

hasten: to move or act quickly

demise: a cessation of existence or activity

acquiesce: to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively

tacit: expressed or carried on without words or speech

tariff: a schedule of duties imposed by a government on imported or in some countries exported goods

patriarchy: social organization marked by the supremacy of the father in the clan or family, the legal dependence of wives and children, and the reckoning of descent and inheritance in the male line

scrap: to abandon or get rid of as no longer of enough worth or effectiveness to retain

Online Dictionary Used: www.merriam-webster.com

the Catcher in the Rye Ch.19

swank: show off

dopey: stupid

aristocratic: notably superior or excellent

creepy: producing a nervous shivery apprehension

groan: to utter a deep moan indicative of pain, grief, or annoyance

terrific: very bad

pursue: to engage in

stink: to emit a strong offensive odor

sculptress: a woman who is a sculptor

sculptor: an artist who makes sculptures

inane: silly

frankly: indeed

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

小人物

Sir George Thomas Staunton, 2nd Baronet

免卻功利

「我常常強調順其自然，不考慮做某件事能幫助我得到甚麼好處才去做，那會少了得失之慮。」

---小思《曲水回眸》

嚴以律己 寬以待人

同事A告訴客人申請會員，第一次購物有九五折電子禮劵。我聽到便立刻告訴客人、同事A，臺上的文具精品沒有折扣，因為迎新電子禮劵只適用於中英文圖書。客人行開一邊，我也返回另一邊服務臺繼續工作。不久，同事A以對講機叫我出去收銀處，表示要我協助。在收銀處，同事A表示不能使用電子禮劵，我告訴同事A文具精品並不適用，所以收銀機顯示沒有折扣。可是，客人智能手機上的電子禮劵已被確定使用。我心想，已經清清楚楚告訴客人及同事A電子禮劵的限制，出了問題又要我處理問題，點解呀？其實，我可以抄低客人資料，替客人聯絡客戶服務部。我意氣用事，請客人直接聯絡客服。隔幾天，主管在早會上講這件事，理應是收到客服的警告。同事A默不作聲，我也沒有直指其非，以免影響日後的合作。

客人到收銀處買三千元書劵，同事B告訴我收銀處我書劵不足夠。我行入辦公室拿給同事B。我返回收銀處，把一疊書劵放在臺面。當時同事B正在收另一宗買賣，大概用了一兩分鐘。我見買書劵的客人正在玩手機，收銀處又只有兩個客人，自己在收銀處又有另外的工作，便讓兩宗交易交給同事B處理。第一宗交易完成，同事B一邊㩒手機，一邊問我點解不替佢賣書劵。我也是意氣用事，我應該以客為先。平時，同事B去食飯前要去廁所，吃飯後又要去廁所，食飯時間足足多了十分鐘。每隔半小時去一次廁所，我懷疑同事B有否濫藥。網購波鞋用公司地址作送貨點，波鞋有瑕疵，一邊收銀一邊講電話，罵波鞋公司客服。同事B剛入職，已經連續兩個星期六日請假，這四天是我們商場書展最忙的日子。同事B還問我下個月某星期六可否調更，我說不行佢又黑面。所以，我沒以客為先，意氣用事。如果畀著另一位同事，書劵銷售一定幫。

以生理學理解發燒

發燒是一個生理上重置的新值，感染會引起的體溫升高。調節體溫的控制系統在發燒期間仍然發揮作用，但它們將溫度維持在較高的值。 體溫升高一般能對抗感染，因為升高的溫度會抑制某些病原體的增生。 事實上，這就是為什麼發燒之前經常會出現顫抖的原因。 體溫設定點已重設為較高值，身體會透過顫抖產生熱量去應對。

The set points for many regulated variables can be physiologically reset to a new value. A common example is fever, the increase in body temperature that occurs in response to infection...The homeostatic control systems regulating body temperature are still functioning during a fever, but they maintain the temperature at a higher value. The regulated rise in body temperature is adaptive for fighting the infection, because elevated temperature inhibits proliferation of some pathogens. In fact, this is why a fever is often preceded by chills and shivering. The set point for body temperature has been reset to a higher value, and the body responds by shivering to generate heat.

Widmaier, E.P., & Raff, H. (2008). Vander’s Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

砂囊

肌胃又稱為砂囊，這裡通常存有砂子或小石頭，有磨碎較硬食物的功能。特別是食穀類的鳥種，這個部位會更發達，如果這部位的小石頭不足，對於飼料的食用率就會下降。

http://www.as3.nchu.edu.tw

Raw images

Raw images cannot be viewed on a computer without the use of software, such as Digital Photo Professional.

Raw image refers to the unprocessed and uncompressed image data captured by a digital camera’s sensor. Unlike JPEG, which compresses and discards some of the image data, RAW files retain all of the raw data captured in each pixel of the shot. (Bing Chat)

TSA and Pre-S1 HKAT

The Territory-wide System Assessment (TSA) is an assessment test administered by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) on behalf of the Education Bureau (EDB) since 2004. The TSA is designed to provide objective data on students’ performances in the three subjects of Chinese Language, English Language, and Mathematics at the end of Key Stages 1-3. Based on the assessment results of schools, teachers can then adjust their teaching plans to enhance student learning.

The Pre-Secondary One Hong Kong Attainment Test (Pre-S1 HKAT) is an optional test conducted by the Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority (HKEAA) on behalf of the Education Bureau (EDB). The test is designed to help secondary schools identify the strengths and weaknesses of their Secondary One (S1) entrants in Chinese Language, English Language, and Mathematics so that appropriate support measures could be introduced. The Pre-S1 HKAT is usually conducted in July.

Bing Chat

Dioptric Adjustment Knob

If you use the dioptric adjustment knob without wearing glasses, the image in the viewfinder may appear blurry. The diopter adjustment knob works as a lens switching from near to far focus, and it only affects how your eye picks up the image. It works just like the device an eye doctor puts in front of you when checking your vision. By adjusting the diopter to suit your eyesight (with or without eyeglasses), the viewfinder image will look clearer. Therefore, if you have poor eyesight, it is recommended that you wear glasses while using the camera and adjust the diopter accordingly.

Bing Chat

走塑

【香港電台】立法會三讀通過即棄塑膠產品修例 明年四月首階段管制

政府提出分兩階段管制九類即棄膠餐具，第一階段管制包括禁止銷售及向外賣顧客提供發泡膠及即棄膠餐具，例如攪拌棒、飲管、刀、叉等，以及禁止向堂食顧客提供任何即棄膠餐具；到第二階段，各類即棄餐俱全面無塑膠。另外修例亦禁止販售及供應其他塑膠產品，例如膠柄棉棒、充氣打氣棒、傘袋等，並禁止飯店及賓館免費供應膠柄牙刷、膠梳、膠樽裝水等。第二階段的管制包括禁止銷售及供應即棄膠枱布、膠牙線棒等，另外亦禁止免費供應即棄耳塞。

政府計劃在修例獲通過後六個月，即明年四月二十二日「世界地球日」實施首階段管制，至於第二階段暫訂於二零二五年落實。他表示，政府會以多管齊下策略推行措施，包括設準備期、推行公眾教育及宣傳，以及採用風險為本方式執法。

二零二三年十月十八日

Image Stabilization

When capturing wildlife in motion or speedy athletes at a sporting event, IS should be disabled. It won’t help, and the mechanisms that detect camera motion can get confused. And this can lead to a sort of feedback loop where the image stabilization system creates motion blur while it’s trying to eliminate it.

In addition, if you are panning to follow a moving subject, keeping the subject in focus while blurring the background, turn off IS.

https://photographycourse.net

Gin

金酒(香港稱為氈酒，台灣稱為琴酒)，是一種以穀物為原料經發酵與蒸餾製造的中性烈酒基底，增添以杜松子為主的多種藥材與香料調味後，所製造出來的一種西洋蒸餾酒。

Jew

In a broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, a continuation of the ancient Jewish people, who were themselves descendants of the Hebrews of the Bible (Old Testament).

Old Testament 舊約聖經

Hebrews《希伯來書》

日佔時期的中國善本

    日本佔領地政府雖然很嚴格管制文字、言論，所有報刊都由報道部檢查後始能出版，然而，沒有太多能力著手做宣傳、教育工作來影響市民的思想。不過有一點值得提及，就是他們很重視文化，讀《陳君葆日記》，就見日本人多麼重視圖書館藏書。淪陷不久，他們迅速派文化官員到香港大學圖書館，查核藏書，把中國善本書運到東京上野博物館去，幸好陳君葆到和平後，千方百計追查下落，通過外交手法，逼日本將書籍歸還給中國。

小思《曲水回眸》

陳君葆三十年代開始任職香港大學，歷任港大馮平山圖書館館長、中文學院教席。他最為人津津樂道的是在戰時保護了大批典籍和政府檔案。1941年12月25日日軍攻佔香港，香港淪陷，日軍第一時間查封香港大學圖書館，並且禁錮陳君葆要他供出一批珍貴典籍下落，最後日軍把111箱南京中央圖書館寄存在港大總計約3萬本的古籍劫走，陳君葆原先準備把這批圖書運往美國保存，惜香港淪陷落入日本人手中。

am730

Homeostasis

Homeostasis does not imply that a given physiological function or variable is rigidly constant with respect to time, but that it fluctuates within a predictable and often narrow range. When disturbed up or down from the normal range, it is restored to normal.

Vander's Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function

Proper Use

The Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II lens is designed to be used with autofocus mode, and it should not be damaged if you turn the focus ring while the lens is in autofocus mode. However, it is not recommended to do so as it can cause the autofocus motor to work harder than necessary, which can lead to faster wear and tear of the motor. If you need to adjust the focus manually, it is best to switch the lens to manual focus mode first before turning the focus ring. This will allow you to adjust the focus without putting any additional strain on the autofocus motor.

Bing Chat

Melbourne

DJ[ˋmelbən]

偏正結構

詞類和句法成分是兩個不同的概念。

例如，形容詞、副詞等是詞類的名稱，定語、狀語是句法成分的名稱。

鄧思穎《語法分析》

《鄂圖曼帝國五百年的和平》

十四世紀初葉，在安納托利亞邊境誕生的小國——奧斯曼公國，發展成覆蓋巴爾幹、安納托利亞、阿拉伯世界、北非的大帝國——鄂圖曼帝國。至十九世紀為止，鄂圖曼帝國在橫跨約五百年的時間，管理多民族與多宗教，實現長期的安定，使得東西文明的界限日趨模糊。爾後，鄂圖曼帝國又延續了近百年，直到一九二二年方才落幕。

Anatolia: historical name for the western part of Asia Minor, specifically the peninsula bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and the Aegean Sea to the west — often used of Asia Minor in its entirety

Balkan Peninsula: peninsula in southeastern Europe between the Adriatic and Ionian seas on the west and the Aegean and Black seas on the east

Geography and History

Bristol: city and port on the Avon River near the estuary of the Severn River in southwestern England population 370,300

Leeds: city on the Aire River in West Yorkshire, northern England population 475,000

New Brunswick: province of southeastern Canada bordering on the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy and on the U.S. state of Maine

Non-nuclear weapon test

On October 18, 2023, the United States conducted a high-explosive experiment at a nuclear test site in Nevada. The experiment was conducted to improve the country’s ability to detect low-yield nuclear explosions around the world. The experiment used chemicals and radioisotopes to validate new predictive explosion models to devise (設計) a method of detecting atomic blasts in other countries. The United States Energy Department, which oversees (監督) the stockpile (儲備物資) of more than 5,000 nuclear weapons, stated that this method would also be able to detect sub-critical experiments, which are small-scale explosions that verify weapon designs without the amount of atomic material needed to sustain a chain reaction.

Hours before the test, Russian officials announced that they planned to revoke (廢除) the ratification (正式簽署) of a ban on atomic weapons testing. The lower house of Russia’s parliament passed a bill on October 18, 2023, revoking Russia’s ratification of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The CTBT prohibits all nuclear explosions in all environments, for military or civilian purposes. The United States signed the CTBT in 1996 but has not ratified it yet.

Bing Chat

The future of DSLR cameras

The future of DSLR cameras is uncertain as mirrorless cameras are becoming more popular and offer many advantages. Mirrorless cameras are lighter, more compact, and have faster autofocus systems. They also offer better image stabilization and greater dynamic range. Despite this, DSLR cameras may still have some loyal users and some potential improvements, such as more advanced autofocus systems, better image stabilization, and faster shooting speeds. Artificial intelligence technology may also play a role in enhancing DSLR performance and usability.

It’s worth noting that DSLRs still make up more than 53% of today’s camera sales. However, the industry is moving towards mirrorless cameras, which are expected to become the norm in the future.

In conclusion, while the future of DSLR cameras is uncertain, they will likely continue to be used by some photographers who prefer their unique features. However, mirrorless cameras are expected to become more popular in the future due to their many advantages.

Bing Chat

生於斯 長於斯

一個人、一草一木，活在一個地方久了，怎會根不著土？根著土，怎無依附之情？

小思《曲水回眸》

屯門新墟晚霞

珍貴回憶的抽屜

請問大家，家中有沒有一個抽屜，擺放自己珍貴的物品？那些物品不必是價值不菲，但失去了卻很困難才能再擁有。五年前，我搬家時掉去很多雜物，有不少珍貴的物品卻移轉到新居床下的一個抽屜。讓我介紹幾件給大家看看︰

小六紀念冊，封面有外星人、UFO、地球和木星，與「我的志願」天文學家相吻合。內頁是有排序的，最喜愛的老師、同學排到最前，真的很膚淺。中五紀念冊是求其買的，朋友說那個卡通是紅十字加 Qoo 的合體版，內頁是根據英文姓氏次序排列。

小學同學仔在賣校服的地方搜購校章，貼在小學旅行合照上，然後送給我們，別出心裁。

未開封的富士 36 張 ISO 200 菲林，是歷史遺留下來的產物。舊相機印象中壞了後已掉棄，卻留下幾張沖晒後的 DVD。朋友說舊菲林相的微粒有其獨特之處。

一家人去外地的旅行計劃已擱置多時。大部分的輔幣是爸爸退休前到國外公幹，帶回來給我珍藏的。

HKU N13 護理學士畢業時學生會幹事給我們的紀念品。

在商務印書館旗下歷史博物館禮品店工作時，自購的金庸主題郵票。郵票中六個主題裡還有《書劍恩仇錄》及《神鵰俠侶》未閱讀過。

拍攝練習

拍攝距離越近，景深越淺

f/16 光圈越小，景深越深

減少了模糊不清的情況

1/125 sec 快門 ISO 400

室內拍攝，用閃光燈

補償了光圈小帶來的光度不足問題

Evangelion Production Model-02

Real Grade

PIJ

Islamic Jihad is the second biggest militant group in the Gaza Strip and is backed by Iran.

BBC

Ambiguous

Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country.

巴基斯坦

Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a state located in West Asia. The state claims the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as its territory, though the entirety of that territory has been under Israeli occupation since the 1967.

巴勒斯坦

Erikson Thought

Early Adulthood

Virtue: Love

Psychosocial Crisis: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Significant Relationship: Friends, Partner

Existential Question: Can I unite myself with another person?

Event: Romantic Relationship

wikipedia.org

Intimacy is the ability to be able to open up romantically and emotionally to those closest to the individual. Those with intimacy have strong relationships with others. Isolation is the inability to form close relationships. These individuals are more depressed and lonely.

Some examples of intimacy include having a successful romantic relationship, being close to family, and having a solid network of close friends.

study.com

何謂成功

雖說職業無分貴賤，但現實很殘酷，薪金有分高低。的確，有的工作較有使命感，有的工作較有挑戰性，但不要看輕任何一種工作，它們在一個社會上環環相扣。所謂行行出狀元，騎牛搵馬的心態不一定適用於每一個人。沒有專業知識，又想轉行加人工，未免過於天真。要在一個行業上不斷努力也不足夠，要留意溝通技巧。辦公室政治不可不理，如處理不到只能選擇沉默是金。

很慚愧地說，我對朋友們嚴重缺乏了解。可能，這是現世代的通病。社交媒體的出現，手機短訊的盛行，通個電話都是一個奢侈。看到往時的同學們出類拔萃，值得傲視同儕，卻不清楚他們付出過多少努力。現在已經沒有什麼疫情、沒有什麼社會運動，出來聚聚的機會卻要刻意營造。所以，了解他們的近況也不容易，更不要說深切關懷。

這個世代講求終身學習。普通話和電腦基本知識不可或缺。知識可以不斷累積，但只著重吸納幫助本業的技術，未免乏味。有時培養對自己有興趣的知識，會有意料之外的收穫。一個人要有多元化的知識，對工作來說亦然。

Paw Patrol: The Mighty Movie

The Paw Patrol puppies magically gain superpower after a meteor strikes Adventure City. However, things take a turn for the worse when Humdinger and a mad scientist steal their power and turn themselves into supervillains. As the team springs into action to save the city, Skye soon learns that even the smallest puppy can make the biggest difference.

Humdinger is the mayor of Foggy Bottom and the main opponent of the Paw Patrol franchise.

villain: a character in a story or play who opposes the hero

Skye is a seven-year-old cockapoo and the first female member of the PAW Patrol.

patrol: DJ[pəˋtrəul]

the Catcher in the Rye Ch.18

rink: a smooth extent of ice marked off for curling or ice hockey

swimming trunks: special shorts that men and boys wear for swimming

inferiority complex: an acute sense of personal inferiority often resulting either in timidity or through overcompensation in exaggerated aggressiveness

timid: lacking in courage or self-confidence

conceited: having or showing an excessively high opinion of oneself

enlightening: providing or tending to provide knowledge, understanding, or insight

The Rockettes are an American precision dance company, performed at Radio City Music Hall in New York City.

applaud: to express approval especially by clapping the hands

tuxedo: a semiformal evening suit for men

crucifix: a representation of Christ on the cross

costume: an outfit worn to create the appearance characteristic of a particular period, person, place, or thing

puke: vomit

sacrilegious: having or showing a lack of proper respect for a sacred person, place, or object

atheist: a person who does not believe in the existence of a god or any gods

putrid: rotten

limp: to walk with an uneven and usually slow movement or gait

duke: a nobleman of the highest hereditary rank

drunkard: one who is habitually drunk

booze: to drink intoxicating liquor especially to excess

witty: marked by or full of clever humor or wit

hatful: a considerable amount or number

fiancée: a woman engaged to be married

autograph: something written or made with one's own hand

homey: homelike

slobber: something written or made with one's own hand

cricket: a game played with a ball and bat by two sides of usually 11 players each on a large field centering upon two wickets each defended by a batsman

smack: to strike so as to produce a smack

kindhearted: having or showing a sympathetic nature

furlough: a leave of absence granted to a governmental or institutional employee (such as a soldier or civil servant)

D.B. is Holden's older brother. A former army soldier who fought in World War II, D.B. is an author best known for his short stories, which Holden deeply admires.

Oliver Twist is Charles Dickens's second novel, about an orphan boy whose good heart and healthy appetite help him escape the terrible underworld of crime and poverty in 19th century London.

The Great Gatsby is a 1925 novel by American writer F. Scott Fitzgerald. Set in the Jazz Age on Long Island, near New York City, the novel depicts first-person narrator Nick Carraway's interactions with mysterious millionaire Jay Gatsby and Gatsby's obsession to reunite with his former lover, Daisy Buchanan.

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

Spleen

The spleen is a fist-sized organ found in the upper left side of your abdomen, next to your stomach and behind your left ribs. It's an important part of your immune system but you can survive without it. This is because the liver can take over many of the spleen's functions.

NHS

Python Calculation

 

Formatted string literals (f-strings) let you include the value of Python expressions inside a string by prefixing the string with f or F and writing expressions as {expression}.

An optional format specifier can follow the expression. This allows greater control over how the value is formatted. The following example rounds pi to three places after the decimal:

>>> import math

>>> print(f'The value of pi is approximately {math.pi:.3f}.')

The value of pi is approximately 3.142.

木人巷

在古代江湖以及不少武俠小說中，少林弟子練成渾身本事後，必須憑一身絕技打出「木人巷」，才有資格下山闖江湖。因此作為少林弟子是否能夠通過「木人巷」的考驗，本身也是一種驗證實力的過程。

www.jendow.com.tw

Lab-grown diamonds are more environmentally friendly

長期以來，鑽石一直被視為女孩最好的朋友。 但它們從地下的開採破壞了我們與環境的關係。 開採一顆一克拉的鑽石可能意味著要去除數百噸的泥土，這個過程會消耗大量的淡水和化石燃料，還會產生其他副作用，包括森林砍伐和河流污染。

Diamonds have long been marketed as a girl's best friend. But their extraction from the ground has damaged our relationship with the environment. Extracting a single one carat diamond can mean the removal of hundreds of tonnes of earth, a process that consumes vast amounts of fresh water and fossil fuels, and has other side effects include deforestation and river pollution.

BBC

Lab-grown diamonds are generally less expensive than natural diamonds of comparable size and quality. They are also considered more ethical because they do not involve mining or human rights issues associated with diamond mining.

Bing Chat

Basement membrane

Basement membranes are thin layers of a specialized extracellular matrix that form the supporting structure on which epithelial and endothelial cells grow, and that surround muscle and fat cells and the Schwann cells of peripheral nerves.

PubMed

Deepfake

Deepfake refers to a specific kind of synthetic media where a person in an image or video is swapped with another person’s likeness. Deepfakes can be used to manipulate and threaten individuals and corporations. Deepfakes can be created using open source face-swapping technology. As deepfake technology improves, it gets harder to spot them.

Depth of field in terms of Optics

Depth of field is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image captured with a camera. Depth of field is influenced by several factors, including the aperture size, focal length, and distance between the camera and the subject.

The physics behind depth of field can be attributed to the fundamental concept of the Circle of Confusion. It describes a point of light directed onto a camera's focal plane by the lens. The diameter of this dot of light might be extremely narrow when it hits the camera sensor, or it might be wider.

地緣政治的定義

地緣政治從字面來看，它是與地理、政治有關的課題。從深層角度來看，地緣政治則是以地理的宏觀思維來解釋一個國家的政治行為之科學。人與自然環境的關係是永久存在，地理環境對人類社會總會有一定的影響與制約。人類改造自然的能力正在不斷地提高，人對自然的認識也在不斷提昇。所以，地緣政治的觀點也隨著人類改造、認識自然而有所改變。

改編自臺灣國立政治大學網上文章

全球化重新改變了時間與空間的概念，卻仍舊無法擺脫國家控制領土、邊界及競爭概念。邊界仍然是地緣政治、國際關係與國家定義的核心。

帕斯卡‧博尼法斯《地緣政治入門：從50個關鍵議題了解國際局勢》

在這個地理距離看似漸被消弭的世界，遠方戰事也透過經濟牽動著我們的日常生活，了解、預測世界局勢的變化走向，已成為現代人不得不面對的重要課題。

茂木誠《超地緣政治學》

Geopolitics is a study of the influence of such factors as geography, economics, and demography on the politics and especially the foreign policy of a state.

Demography is the statistical study of human populations especially with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics.

Vital statistics: statistics relating to births, deaths, marriages, health, and disease

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary

Geopolitics is the analysis of the geographic influences on power relationships in international relations.

https://www.britannica.com

Geopolitics is the study of the effects of Earth’s geography on politics and international relations. It is a method of studying foreign policy to understand, explain, and predict international political behavior through geographical variables such as area studies, climate, topography (地形描繪), demography, natural resources, and applied science of the region being evaluated. 

Bing Chat

帕西

帕西人，香港地區譯作「巴斯」，是主要立足於印度次大陸的一個信仰瑣羅亞斯德教的民族。

wikipedia.org

演算法

演算法是計算機科學非常重要的基礎科目。簡單來說，演算法就是用電腦算數學的學問，可以說是數學科目。

想要解決現實生活當中的各種問題，計算機科學家就把現實問題對應到數學問題，然後設計公式、把公式寫成程式，讓電腦執行程式計算答案 ── 這些公式就叫做演算法。

web.ntnu.edu.tw

Algorithm is a procedure for solving a mathematical problem in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation

broadly : a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end

The current term of choice for a problem-solving procedure, algorithm, is commonly used nowadays for the set of rules a machine (and especially a computer) follows to achieve a particular goal.

www.merriam-webster.com

Aimer – Atemonaku

When I was alone, there were countless stars at night.

If I close my eyes, stars are right there now.

I kept walking aimlessly. I kept walking even when I was tired.

I just want to stay praying forever.

ひとりきりだった夜も 数えきれない星々

今もずっと 目を瞑ってみればすぐそこに

あてもなく歩き続けた 疲れても歩き続けた

僕はずっと 祈りの中にいたいだけ

Full of scratches and mud

Stretch out your unreachable hand

Fragments of dreams and hopes that I want to grasp

Right now

傷だらけ 泥だらけ

届かない手を伸ばして

つかみたい夢や希望のかけら

今すぐ

Smile, smile, you don't have to be strong.

As long as she still has a kind smile, it is fine.

It's like blowing away all the thick cloud.

Your unique smile becomes strong.

Important words are now dancing in the sky.

笑っていて 笑っていて 強くなくていいんだよ

優しいままの その笑顔が 笑顔があればいいよ

曇り空も全部吹き飛ばすような

君だけの笑顔が 力に 強さになるんだ

大切な言葉が今 空を舞ってゆく

Protecting someone and having courage to fight for her.

There's more than just a particular shape and weight.

She believed in the warmth of our small fingers.

I just want to gently touch your heart.

だれかを守ることも たたかうための勇気も

形だって 重さだって ひとつじゃなくて

小さな指を繋いでた その温もりを信じてた

僕はそっと 心に触れていたいだけ

She stumbled and wandered.

Looking for a new path

The colorful fragments you want to discover.

Where is it?

つまずいて さまよって

新しい道探して

見つけたい色とりどりのかけら

どこかで

It's okay to smile, laugh, and stop.

The pain will go away after the tears dry.

It's like wrapping my frozen hands and melting them.

Genuine kindness becomes a bond and courage.

There's a voice echoing in our tied hearts.

笑っていて 笑っていて 立ち止まっていいんだよ

痛みは乾いた涙が 涙がつれて行くよ

凍えた手を包んで溶かすような

真っ直ぐな優しさが 絆に 勇気になるんだ

結んだ心にほら 声が響いてる

Smile, smile, you don't have to be strong.

All you need is to maintain a gentle smile.

Even if I fail, I don't feel pitiful.

When you get up, I am always right here to accompany with you.

It's like blowing away all the dense cloud.

Your unique smile becomes strong.

笑っていて 笑っていて 強くなくていいんだよ

優しいままの その笑顔が 笑顔があればいいよ

挫けたって 情けなくなんかないよ

立ち上がった時は いつでもいつでも そばにいるよ

曇り空も全部吹き飛ばすような

君だけの笑顔が 力に 強さになるんだ

There's a voice echoing in our tied hearts.

Important words are now dancing in the sky.

結んだ心にほら 声が響いてる

大切な言葉が今 空を舞ってゆく

鴉片貿易不是中英雙方的專利

約翰 ‧ 福貝斯 (John Murray Forbes) 來到廣州後，住進他舅舅普金斯洋行 (Perkins & Company) 所在的房子，即所謂的瑞典商館，與渣甸洋行隔了五間門面 (雖有瑞典之名，裡面住的全是美國人)。一如其他大部分商行，普金斯洋行以雙面人示人︰在廣州公開進行的檯面上貿易，以茶葉、生絲、棉花等合法商品為買賣品，在伶仃島進行的檯面下貿易，以鴉片為買賣品。

史蒂芬 ‧ 普拉特《帝國暮色》

Double-boiled soup

 【經濟日報】青紅蘿蔔豬骨湯都致肥？營養師解構湯水陷阱

煲湯過程中，水溶性維他命B及C、氨基酸及短鏈脂肪酸會溶於湯，令湯水有味道。飲湯可以補身，但只是飲湯不吃湯渣，原來攝取的營養極少。湯料內的碳水化合物、纖維及肉類的蛋白質，結構較大，難溶於湯水，大部分營養仍鎖於湯渣，若只飲湯等於浪費營養。

食湯渣亦要注意，例如豬骨湯內的紅蘿蔔、粟米或中藥材，吸收了骨髓的脂肪，多吃可能致肥。用骨類材料煲湯，即使撇走湯面的油脂，仍有許多油份存在湯中，同樣容易致肥。

許多人以為用大骨熬湯可令鈣質融入湯水，其實能溶於湯水的鈣質很少，反而骨頭內的脂肪會溶入湯水。

長時間烹調的老火湯，則會使肉類中嘌呤溶於湯水，再被轉化為尿酸積聚體內，痛風症等患者宜少飲。

Plastic Decomposition

聚丙烯是一種難以回收的塑料，在悉尼大學研究人員領導的一項新實驗中，兩種真菌菌株成功地生物降解了聚丙烯。

聚丙烯是一種常見的塑料，用於包裝、玩具、家具和時尚等多種產品，約佔世界塑料廢物的 28%，但其中只有 1% 被回收利用。

Polypropylene, a hard to recycle plastic, has successfully been biodegraded by two strains of fungi in a new experiment led by researchers at the University of Sydney.

It's a common plastic used for a wide variety of products from packaging and toys to furnishing and fashion, it accounts for roughly 28 percent of the world's plastic waste, but only 1 percent of it is recycled.

https://www.sydney.edu.au

被細屏吞沒的下一代

腦神經科學家證實，電子成癮正在「重新連結」人類大腦，降低注意力並使睡眠質量下降。 事實上，當成年人從現實世界中轉移到文本和推文中時，他們可以看到發生在自己身上的同樣事情。 「分心育兒」一詞的發明是為了描述那些幾乎無法再專注於自己的孩子的父母，當然還達不到每天強制戒掉幾個小時電子設備的程度。當學校本身越來越多地使用筆電和 iPad 作為學習工具時，家長有何能耐呢？ 小小的屏幕彷彿吞噬了整個世界。

Neuroscientists confirmed that electronic addiction was "rewiring" the human brain, depleting attention span and degrading the quality of sleep. In fact, as they withdrew from the physical world into their texts and their tweets, adults could see the same things happening to themselves. The term "distracted parenting" was invented to describe the parent who could barely focus on his or her children anymore, certainly not to the degree required to enforce a few hours of abstinence from devices a day. And what good could a parent do when the schools themselves increasingly use laptops and iPads as instruments of learning? The small screens seems to have swallowed the world.

Natural Causes by Barbara Ehrenreich

DSLR Beginner

18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 means that the lens has a lens speed of f/3.5 at the 18mm focal length, but a lens speed of f/5.6 at the 55mm focal length.

EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II is a standard zoom offering a 28.8-88mm equivalent focal length range.

Lens speed refers to the amount of light that travels through the lens while the shutter is open. This is controlled by the size of aperture. The faster a lens, the larger the maximum aperture in the diaphragm and the more light will hit the sensor at the same shutter speed.

Focal length is the distance between the point of convergence of your lens and the sensor or film recording the image. The focal length of your film or digital camera lens dictates how much of the scene your camera will be able to capture.

Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification, and vice versa.

Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. Large apertures, which correlate to small f-stop numbers, produce a very shallow depth of field, and vice versa. Another important factor affecting depth of field is the distance between the camera and the subject. The shorter that distance, the smaller the depth of field.

蓋亞那

蓋亞那合作共和國，通稱蓋亞那，位於南美洲北部，是南美洲唯一以英語為官方語言的國家，也是大英國協成員國。東鄰蘇利南，南臨巴西，西鄰委內瑞拉，北鄰大西洋。

Guyana: country in northern South America on the Atlantic coast; a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations since 1970 capital Georgetown area 83,000 square miles (214,969 square kilometers)

Tree Fern

Trunk

Fronds

Pinna

Pinnule

害群之馬

【香港01】日本有溫泉旅館二月爆出醜聞，福岡一間縣著名老字號溫泉旅館，被揭嚴重違反規則，原應該每週換一次水，卻變成一年才換水兩次，含菌量嚴重超標。

綜合日媒二月二十四日報道，為於福岡縣筑紫野市，名叫「二日市溫泉・大丸別莊」的溫泉旅館，被發現嚴重違規。事緣二零二二年八月有前往溫泉住宿的旅客患上退伍軍人病，當局調查後，發現旅館有設施退伍軍人症菌量超標兩倍。

大丸別莊之後報告已按程序加以清潔改善，但縣政府在十一月再度檢查的時候，才發現情況變本加厲，在其中一個樣本驗出的退伍軍人桿菌量甚至超標三千七百倍。經進一步調查發現旅館清潔操作嚴重違規：原規定旅館必須最少每週換一次水，卻變成一年才換水兩次，其他清洗工作同樣馬虎，且最少自二零一九年開始已經開始這樣。

大丸別莊自江戶時代一八六五年起已開始營業，昭和天皇亦曾造訪，是當地頗為有名的溫泉旅館。事件引起業界關注，當地政府正考慮予以處分。

退伍軍人病由退伍軍人桿菌引起，主要病徵為發燒、咳嗽、及胃腸道症狀，但免疫力較低患者可能會出現肺炎、神經損傷，甚至死亡。病菌好發在受污染的水源，欠缺清潔和消毒的水池、浴缸、大型空調的冷卻塔等。

二零二三年三月一日

Nomenclature

What is ex in plant names?

The word ex is mainly used in circumstances in which there is an author (or authors) who only contributes the name of a taxon, while it is a different author (or authors) who actually validly publishes that name. In these cases, the author(s) who ascribed the name is separated from the publishing author(s) by ex.

https://www.degruyter.com

taxon: a scientifically classified group or entity : a taxonomic unit (such as a genus or order) of any rank

valid: well-grounded or justifiable : being at once relevant and meaningful

History of Kyoto

taro: a large-leaved tropical Asian plant (Colocasia esculenta) of the arum family grown throughout the tropics for its edible starchy corms and cormels and in temperate regions for ornament

envoy: a minister plenipotentiary accredited to a foreign government who ranks between an ambassador and a minister resident

plenipoteniary: a person and especially a diplomatic agent invested with full power to transact business

inauspicious: being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come

calamity: being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come

wane: to decrease in size, extent, or degree

stultify: to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on

clan: family

belligerent: inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combativeness

rival: one of two or more striving to reach or obtain something that only one can possess

claimant: a person who believes that he or she has a right to something (such as an amount of money); a person who claims something

regime: lawful control over the affairs of a political unit (as a nation)

feudalism: the system of political organization prevailing in Europe from the 9th to about the 15th centuries having as its basis the relation of lord to vassal with all land held in fee and as chief characteristics homage, the service of tenants under arms and in court, wardship, and forfeiture

assassination: murder by sudden or secret attack often for political reasons

usher: to point out the way for (someone) especially from a position in front

hostage: a person taken by force to secure the taker's demands

revolt: rebel

neo-: new

codify: systematize

outlaw: to make illegal

leery: feeling or showing a lack of trust in someone or something

indigenous: produced, growing, living, or occurring natively or naturally in a particular region or environment

accrued: accumulated over a period of time

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

The Heritage Hiker's Guide - Stanley

slaughter: killing of great numbers of human beings (as in battle or a massacre)

trench: ditch used for military defense often with the excavated dirt thrown up in front

excavate: to dig out and remove

metaphorical: symbolic, figurative

drown: to suffocate by submersion especially in water

armored: equipped or protected with armor

armor: defensive covering (as of metal) used in combat

cruiser: a large fast moderately armored and gunned warship

struck: (pt) strike

mine: an encased explosive that is placed in the ground or in water and set to explode when disturbed

perish: to cause to die

glazed: covered with or as if with a glassy film

priest: someone who is authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion especially as a mediatory agent between humans and God (esp. an Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, or Roman Catholic clergyperson ranking below a bishop and above a deacon)

sacred: dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity

deity: the rank or essential nature of a god

deacon: subordinate officer in a Christian church

sedan: a portable often covered chair that is designed to carry one person and that is borne on poles by two people

porter: a person who carries burdens

presume: to expect or assume especially with confidence

mission: a ministry commissioned by a religious organization to propagate its faith or carry on humanitarian work

propagate: to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater area

humanitarian: a person promoting human welfare and social reform

benefactor: someone or something that provides help or an advantage

precarious: characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens with danger

bandit: robber

Bolshevik: a member of the extremist wing of the Russian Social Democratic party that seized power in Russia by the Revolution of November 1917

morale: moral principles, teachings, or conduct

symphony: consonance of sounds

agreeable: pleasing to the mind or senses especially as according well with one's tastes or needs

accustomed: often used or practiced

ascetic: practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline

archbishop: a bishop at the head of an ecclesiastical province or one of equivalent honorary rank

purgatory: a place or state of temporary suffering or misery

misery: a circumstance, thing, or place that causes suffering or discomfort

commandeer: to seize for military purposes

nun: a woman belonging to a religious order

Carmelite: a member of the Roman Catholic mendicant Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel founded in the 12th century

convent: a local community or house of a religious order or congregation

congregation: an assembly of persons

loot: to seize and carry away by force especially in war

firewood: wood used for fuel

refuge: shelter or protection from danger or distress

hospitality: the activity or business of providing services to guests in hotels, restaurants, bars, etc.

restore: to bring back to or put back into a former or original state

insignia: a badge of authority or honor

terrazzo: a mosaic flooring consisting of small pieces of marble or granite set in mortar and given a high polish

exile: to banish or expel from one's own country or home

penal: of, relating to, or involving punishment, penalties, or punitive institutions

flog: to beat with or as if with a rod or whip

law-abiding: obedient to the law

inmate: any of a group occupying a single place of residence (especially a person confined in a prison or hospital)

gallows: a frame usually of two upright posts and a transverse beam from which criminals are hanged

condemned: sentenced to death

unruly: not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed

miscreant: one who behaves criminally or viciously

vicious: dangerously aggressive

vessel: a watercraft bigger than a rowboat

rowboat: a small boat designed to be rowed

bungalow: a one-storied house with a low-pitched roof

fame: reputation

spacious: roomy

internment: the act of confining or the state of being confined

captive: taken and held as or as if a prisoner of war

deprivation: the state of being kept from possessing, enjoying, or using something : the state of being deprived

cram: jam

operative: a secret agent

Union Jack: the state flag of the United Kingdom consisting of the union of the British national ensign

ensign: a flag that is flown (as by a ship) as the symbol of nationality and that may also be flown with a distinctive badge added to its design

grave: a burial place

skirmish: a minor fight in war usually incidental to larger movements

ambush: to attack by surprise from a hidden place

rough-hewn: being in a rough, unsmoothed, or unfinished state :crudely formed

corps: an organized subdivision of the military establishment

fort: a fortified place occupied only by troops and surrounded with such works as a ditch, rampart, and parapet

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

the Catcher in the Rye Ch.17

couch: an article of furniture for sitting or reclining

dopey: sluggish

Elkton Hills: preparatory school

raspy: irritable

beret: a visorless usually woolen cap with a tight headband and a soft full flat top

visor: a projecting front on a cap or headband for shading the eyes

headband: a band worn on or around the head

bunk: nonsense

horse around: to engage in horseplay

horseplay: rough or boisterous play

boisterous: noisily turbulent

seduce: attract

clinch: to hold fast or firmly

drunkard: one who is habitually drunk

witty: marked by or full of clever humor

butler: the chief male servant of a household who has charge of other employees, receives guests, directs the serving of meals, and performs various personal services

shove: to push or put in a rough, careless, or hasty manner

jerk: an annoyingly stupid or foolish person

blasé: apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment

apathetic: having or showing little or no interest, concern, or emotion

indulgence: an extension of time for payment or performance granted as a favor

modest: neither bold nor self-assertive

bold: confident

assertive: disposed to or characterized by bold or confident statements and behavior

rave: to talk irrationally in or as if in delirium

flannel: a soft twilled wool or worsted fabric with a loose texture and a slightly napped surface

checkered: marked by alternating squares of different colors, shades, or materials

nauseating: causing nausea or especially disgust

slobber: to let saliva dribble from the mouth

Andover: town in northeastern Massachusetts

puke: vomit

snobby: being or characteristic of a person who has an offensive air of superiority and tends to ignore or disdain anyone regarded as inferior

darn: damn

rink: a smooth extent of ice marked off for curling or ice hockey

rubberneck: to look about or stare with exaggerated curiosity

brutal: cruel

Scotch: whiskey distilled in Scotland especially from malted barley

snotty: annoyingly or spitefully unpleasant

rear: the back part of something

clique: a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons

owe: be indebted in the sum of

oodles: a great quantity

newsreel: a short movie dealing with current events

almighty: having absolute power over all

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

西班牙-法西斯

佛朗哥(General Francisco Franco)的軍隊1930年在西班牙內戰中取勝，推翻了當時民選的左派政府。

由此，他建立起了一個獨裁政權，自己宣佈成為國家元首，並一直牢牢掌握著國家大權，直到1975年去世。之後，西班牙過渡為民主政權。

Source: https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen

Aimer - Resonantia

Burning incense slowly in between drunkenness

Pass through the unforgettable night, a dream you cannot wake up from

Echo in my ears solved and the resounding sound reach

The silence makes that sound prominent

If you can still go far, get a bit closer to the sky

If I loosen the worn cord

The wind that blows on the wound doesn't even heal the pain

Even if you regret or hesitate, just believe and bloom

I won't go back, I won't break it, because I chose you

It doesn't matter even the reason is uncertain, she's just aroused

Picking up the voice that asked me, the resonance that won't stop

Following the burned afterimage

Envelope so that it won't melt in the dawn

Feelings welling up in the whirlpool of flash

I want to tell you now

There is nothing to dissipate, words alone are not enough

If it's a voice that's drowned out by memory, it's fine to cry out

I will deliver it, connect it, and find it

You can engrave the transient night so that it overlaps

Beyond the clear scenery, an endless resonance

Even if it's withered or lost, the passion won't go away

I'm not afraid of even a faint light

You can engrave the momentary night so that it overlaps

Beyond the clear scenery, an endless resonance

Even if you regret or hesitate, believe and let it bloom

I won't go back, I won't break it, because I chose you

It doesn't matter if the reason is uncertain, just keep stirring

Picking up the voice that asked me, the resonance that won't stop

好夢是生活的仇敵

小時候，母親帶我去公共圖書館，我最愛看有關太空的書籍。小學考試作文題目是「我的志願」，我寫將來希望成為天文學家。香港光污染嚴重，觀星困難得很，父母亦沒有特地帶我夜闖西貢，看不到迷人的星空，興趣只建立在書本上。天文學家要精通數學與物理，我小時候已經知道這個志願比登天更難。

雖然後來會考、高考最好成績的科目正正是數學和物理，但原因卻是因為過度的校外補習。會考時，媽媽聘請私人補習老師替我應付附加數和其他的科目，過份的操練卻讓我嚇怕了。中四、五生物科老師是我的啟蒙老師，我自始興趣確立，所以我高考時選了物理、化學和生物科。

記得小時候看過一本關於復活島的書本，居民為了樹立雕塑石像，大量砍伐樹木，最終導致滅族。歷史會否重演，地球村能否扭轉劣勢？中國以國家速度在世界各地發展可再生能源，先不討論是否有戰略意圖，但的的確確造福地球。

到了大學選科，我傾向選擇環境科學，卻事與願違。自小中文根基不穩打穩扎，課外書看得太少，中國語文及文化科不及格。最終讀了一年副學士，轉攻護理學士，希望幫助別人。人生規劃得太差，不自量力。自己健康根本不能應付輪班工作。先天記憶力欠奉，是另外一個不適合的原因。老師讓我合格，但強力勸喻我找別的工作。

面對現實，當過小學功課輔導班導師、職業治療助理、親戚公司文員。在中文大學商務印書館做貨務，在歷史博物館禮品店賣內地貨給內地小學交流團，在太空館禮品店賣觀星筆，在荃灣廣場商務印書館做打雜。

現在於荃新天地三聯書店負責英文書(包括兒童英文書)、文史哲、宗教、中港專題、社會科學、科普讀物、外聯(對校銷售)、收銀等等。在書店工作將近七年，接觸書本多了，也愛上閱讀，算是樂業。

私家凳

打書釘不打緊，影響到別人便不行。話說最近有讀者攜帶小摺凳坐著看書，他/她們在兩組兒童書架之間的角落閱讀。舖位地方狹窄，其他人根本連伸手取書都有困難。生意有一定影響在所難免，主管不處理，小薯也無謂多事。小童這種行為明顯是家長安排，自私自利的習慣於是一代傳一代。有人話貧窮的人最好不要生兒育女，我則認為不懂教導才是問題核心。教育下一代一點也不容易，自己亦沒有資格說什麼，但如果連身教都做不好，嗚呼哀哉！

合成維他命與食品來源維他命

儘管合成維生素 C 和食品來源的維生素 C 的化學性質相同，但水果和蔬菜含多種豐富營養素和植物化學物質，可能會影響其生物利用度。

Although synthetic and food-derived vitamin C is chemically identical, fruit and vegetables are rich in numerous nutrients and phytochemicals which may influence its bioavailability.

所有人體生物利用度研究均表明，無論受試者群體、研究設計或介入如何，合成維生素 C 和天然維生素 C 之間沒有差異。

All steady state comparative bioavailability studies in humans have shown no differences between synthetic and natural vitamin C, regardless of the subject population, study design or intervention used.

Carr, A. C., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2013, October 28). Synthetic or food-derived vitamin C-are they equally bioavailable?. MDPI. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/5/11/4284

Phytochemical: a chemical compound occurring naturally in plants.

Bioavailability: the degree and rate at which a substance is absorbed into a living system or is made available at the site of physiological activity.

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

Angiosperms and gymnosperms

The key difference between angiosperms and gymnosperms is how their seeds are developed. The seeds of angiosperms develop in the ovaries of flowers and are surrounded by a protective fruit. Gymnosperm seeds are usually formed in unisexual cones and the plants lack fruits and flowers.

https://www.britannica.com

Spores, sporangia and sori

Sorus, plural sori, in botany, brownish or yellowish cluster of spore-producing structures (sporangia) usually located on the lower surface of fern leaves.

In ferns, spores are contained within cases called sporangia that are located on the underside of leaves.

https://www.britannica.com

剖腹產、順產、微生物群與免疫疾病

最近的流行病學研究證據表明，選擇性剖腹產與新生兒異常的短期免疫有關，並且增加患哮喘、過敏、1 型糖尿病和乳糜瀉等免疫疾病的風險。

Recent epidemiological studies provide evidence that elective cesarean section is associated with aberrant short-term immune responses in the newborn infant, and a greater risk of developing immune diseases such as asthma, allergies, type 1 diabetes, and celiac disease.

Author links open overlay panelClara E. Cho BSc a, a, b, & This review examines the relation between the mode of delivery and development of the immune system in the offspring. Recent epidemiological studies provide evidence that elective cesarean section (CS) is associated with aberrant short-term immune respons. (2012, August 10). Cesarean section and development of the immune system in the offspring. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0002937812008575

剖腹產會中斷新生兒與母體陰道微生物群的接觸。 剖腹產分娩的嬰兒獲得的微生物群與陰道分娩的嬰兒不同，剖腹產分娩會增加免疫和代謝疾病的風險。

Exposure of newborns to the maternal vaginal microbiota is interrupted with cesarean birthing. Babies delivered by cesarean section acquire a microbiota that differs from that of vaginally delivered infants, and cesarean section delivery has been associated with increased risk for immune and metabolic disorders.

Dominguez-Bello, M. G., De Jesus-Laboy, K. M., Shen, N., Cox, L. M., Amir, A., Gonzalez, A., Bokulich, N. A., Song, S. J., Hoashi, M., Rivera-Vinas, J. I., Mendez, K., Knight, R., & Clemente, J. C. (2016, February 1). Partial restoration of the microbiota of cesarean-born infants via vaginal microbial transfer. Nature News. https://www.nature.com/articles/nm.4039

Brushing teeth after meal

飯後30分鐘和60分鐘，口腔酸鹼值同樣恢復正常。

The pH value increases to normal 30 and 60 min after meals.

飯後30分鐘，我們可以刷牙，不需再延後。

Brushing the teeth does not need to be delayed between 30 and 60 min after eating.

Fibryanto E, Widyastuti W. Effect of brushing the teeth before and after meals on salivary pH: A quasi-experimental study. J Int Oral Health 2022;14:163-7

吃或喝酸性物質後立即刷牙會損壞牙齒的琺瑯質。

Brushing immediately after eating or drinking something acidic can damage the enamel layer of the tooth.

Brushing immediately after meals? you may want to wait. Columbia University Irving Medical Center. (2022, June 29). https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/brushing-immediately-after-meals-you-may-want-wait

Love

一個人受了愛情的擺布，只要沒有非禮犯罪，就無可非議。

塞萬提斯《堂吉訶德》(楊絳譯)

語法分析---主謂結構

主謂結構是所有小句都不可缺少的結構，作為小句和句子的核心部分……有些例子的主語表面上好像缺失，但其實並沒有缺失，仍然在句法存在，只是以無聲的方式出現……

---鄧思穎