忍讓

即使母親多麼的愚昧，

自己都要忍讓，

因為我只有一個媽媽。

攝影構圖

嘗試從漫無目的的主題中擷取較理想的部分來取景。在自己要拍攝的影像上，決定好主要被攝體，並作出能夠突顯主角的構圖配置。

減法構圖適用情況

• 需要強烈視覺焦點或情感張力時。

• 背景雜亂或會分散注意力時。

• 想表現孤立、簡潔或抽象意象時。

與強調主題的減法構圖之逆向思維，就是添加配角的加法構圖。例如稍擴大拍攝範圍，將觀看夕陽的人群一併拍攝下來。

加法構圖適用情況

• 想呈現場景關係、敘事或情境時。

• 配角或環境能為主題提供對比、規模或情緒時。

實務建議

• 先確定拍攝目的：情感、故事、紀實或美感。

• 根據目的選擇減法或加法，或在同一場景中嘗試兩種做法以比較效果。

• 注意構圖元素的層次與視覺引導，確保即使加入配角，觀眾仍能自然聚焦於主題。

《完全活用! 構圖曝光大事典: 徹底提昇攝影力的301個致勝技巧》

Microsoft Copilot

Book content and AI information are edited

P Mode

P 模式（Program AE）是一種半自動模式：相機自動設定光圈與快門速度，但你仍可調整 ISO、白平衡、曝光補償、閃光燈等。它比全自動模式更靈活，適合快速拍攝街景、旅行或活動。

Microsoft Copilot

Neurochemicals and emotions

understatement: a statement that makes something seem less important, impressive, serious, etc. than it really is

elated: very happy and excited because of something good that has happened, or will happen

euphoric: extremely happy or excited

A social butterfly is an informal term for a friendly, outgoing person who loves to talk, go to parties, and move easily between different groups of people. The phrase compares a person to a butterfly that flits lightly from flower to flower.

flit: to move lightly and quickly from one place or thing to another

epic: a long and difficult job or activity that you think people should admire

grateful: feeling or showing thanks because somebody has done something kind for you or has done as you asked

agitated: showing in your behavior that you are anxious and nervous

gratitude: the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks

fascinating: ​extremely interesting and attractive

literally: exactly

dictate: determine

hypervigilance: extreme alertness, care, or caution; a state of or tendency towards being overly aware of one's environment and the potential dangers it presents

anticipation: the fact of seeing that something might happen in the future and perhaps doing something about it now

Being emotionally dysregulated means that we can experience heightened levels of stress, anxiety and even panic in response to mild stressors...In this scenario, creating a narrative for the situation can be helpful. We can do this by talking to friends and family about how we are feeling or by journaling.

情緒失調是指即使面對輕微壓力，也會出現強烈的壓力、焦慮或恐慌反應，情緒容易劇烈波動且難以自行平復。

在這種情況下，為情境建立敘事能幫助理清思緒；透過向親友傾訴或寫日記，把感受說出或寫下來，可以更清楚地理解自己的情緒、減輕壓力，並找到更合適的應對方式。

Nicole Vignola "Rewire"

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Google AI overview

Explained by Microsoft Copilot

光圈

difference = 2 ** 0.5

f/2 f/2.8 f/4 f/5.6 f/8 f/11 f/16 f/22

EF 35mm f/2 IS USM

焦距 (f) = 35mm

F值 (N) = 2

光圈孔直徑 = f / N

計算：35mm ÷ 2 = 17.5mm

風景: f/8–f/16

需要前後都清楚，深景深；強光下也能避免過曝。

遠攝鏡: 長焦本身就更容易糊背景，即使 f/5.6 也能有明顯淺景深；拍風景時記得收小光圈。

多人合影: f/5.6–f/8

確保不同排的人都清晰，避免有人因景深太淺而糊掉。

定焦大光圈: 人像、弱光很好用，但拍多人或近距離時小心景深太淺導致部分臉糊。

星芒: f/11–f/16

EF 35mm f/2 IS USM 葉片數量有八枚

Variables and scope

def function1(varA, varB):

    message = 'Some local data'

    print(varA)

    def inner_function(varA, varB):

        print(f'inner_function local scope: {locals()}')

    

    print(locals())

    inner_function(123, 456)

function1(1, 2)

Call function1(1, 2)

Parameters: varA = 1, varB = 2.

Inside function1

message = 'Some local data' is created.

print(varA) → prints 1.

Define inner_function

At this point, Python just defines the nested function. It doesn’t run yet.

print(locals()) inside function1

locals() returns a dictionary of all local variables in function1 at that moment:

{ 'varA': 1, 'varB': 2, 'message': 'Some local data', 'inner_function': <function function1.<locals>.inner_function at 0x...> }

So you’ll see a dictionary printed with those names and values.




inner_function → the variable name in the local scope dictionary.

<function ... > → Python is showing you that the value is a function object.

function1.<locals>.inner_function → the fully qualified name of the function:

function1 → the outer function where it was defined.

<locals> → indicates this function was defined inside another function (not at the module/global level).

inner_function → the actual name of the nested function.

at 0x... → the memory address (hexadecimal) where the function object is stored. This is just an identifier for debugging, not something you usually use directly.

Call inner_function(123, 456)

• New scope is created for inner_function.

• Parameters: varA = 123, varB = 456.

• locals() inside inner_function shows:

{ 'varA': 123, 'varB': 456 }

That’s printed as: inner_function local scope: {'varA': 123, 'varB': 456}

Microsoft Copilot

忍耐

媽媽如何無理取鬧，都要啞忍。

因為我只有一位母親。