夔龍紋

夔紋（又稱夔龍紋）是商周青銅器上非常重要的裝飾紋樣。

與正面對稱的饕餮紋不同，夔紋通常是：

• 側面形象
• 長身彎曲
• 張口露齒
• 有角
• 一足或省略足部
• 身體作捲曲狀

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雲雷紋

雲雷紋是中國古代青銅器和陶器上最常見的幾何紋飾之一，盛行於商周時期，常作為其他主體紋飾（如饕餮紋、夔龍紋、鳳鳥紋）的背景紋。

雷紋呈方折、直角迴旋狀。

雲紋線條較圓潤、捲曲。

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陶器術語

素面磨光是考古學和陶器研究中的一個常見術語。

素面：器物表面沒有紋飾、刻劃、彩繪或附加裝飾。

磨光：製作完成後，用光滑工具（如石器、骨器或木片）反覆摩擦器表，使其變得平整光亮。

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器具

爵是中國青銅時代最具代表性的酒器之一，主要流行於夏末、商代至西周早期，用於溫酒和祭祀。

觶是中國古代的酒器，主要流行於商代晚期至西周時期，用於盛酒或飲酒，是禮器制度中的重要器物之一，通常沒有爵那樣的尖流和雙柱。

卣是商代至西周時期重要的盛酒器，也是青銅禮器中極具特色的一類，有蓋、有提梁（把手）。

簋是商周時期重要的盛食器，主要用來盛放煮熟的黍、稷等穀物，是祭祀和宴饗禮儀中的核心禮器之一，圓口、鼓腹。

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饕餮紋

商代白陶的饕餮紋，是將青銅器上常見的饕餮紋裝飾移植到白陶器表面的典型例子，反映了商代高等級器物在造型與紋飾上的共同審美。

白陶上的饕餮紋與青銅器上的獸面紋十分接近：

• 以突出的雙眼為中心。
• 額部有羊角、牛角或龍角形裝飾。
• 鼻樑立體凸起。
• 配有獠牙或捲曲口部。
• 左右對稱構圖。

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Dispute

stipulate: to state clearly and definitely that something must be done, or how it must be done

arbitration: the hearing and determination of a disputed case by an arbiter

arbiter: judge

demeanor: the way that somebody looks or behaves

bolster: to improve something or make it stronger

misplaced: not appropriate or correct in the situation

smug: looking or feeling too pleased about something you have done or achieved

thorough: (of a person) doing things very carefully and with great attention to detail

testimony: a formal written or spoken statement saying what you know to be true, usually in court

depose: to testify or affirm under oath, especially in a written statement

oath: a formal promise to do something or a formal statement that something is true

proceedings: the process of using a court to settle an argument or to deal with a complaint

monstrosity: something that is very large and very ugly, especially a building

rustle around: move things or search through something in a hurried, casual, or haphazard way, often making soft, dry, or scraping sounds

yank out: to pull on something with a quick vigorous movement

speculate: to form an opinion about something without knowing all the details or facts

tidbit: a small piece of interesting information

A Roman legion was the largest basic military unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of heavy infantry recruited from Roman citizens.

obligated: having a moral or legal duty to do something

broach: to begin talking about a subject that is difficult to discuss, especially because it is embarrassing or because people disagree about it

transpire: happen

chastise: to criticize somebody for doing something wrong

drum up: to try hard to get support or business

in-house: within a company or an organization

Bill Gates "Source Code"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

陶瓷術語十八

足上鏤孔︰在器物的足部開鑿鏤空孔洞作為裝飾。

圈足︰器底下面有一個圓環形底座。

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