猶豫未決
音愈
施蟄存
音疾
木訥
音n栗
徜徉
音常陽
意︰安閒自在的四處走動
2019年12月31日星期二
有政治目的的新聞報導
下班疲憊，吃過夜宵，躺在沙發上休息，聽著母親必看的無線新聞，心裡起了莫名的怒火。雖則昨天累到聽到不詳細的內容，但已經分辨到 TVB 新聞的立場，專為警謊狡辯、成了政府的喉舌。雖則母親大人左耳入、右耳出，沒有太大影響，但其他長輩觀看得多，只會由藍變深藍，只會將有牌爛仔 (terrorist gang with licence) 成了他/她們心目中的英雄。無線新聞已經由自我審查機構進化成洗腦機器，新聞報導員集體離巢，事出有因。黃絲罷看，廣告撤資，公司裁員，新聞部要負上很大責任。政治目的凌駕一切，劇集、綜藝做得更好也會被拖累。NEWS 之前被無線新聞演繹成北、東、西、南，意指耳聽八方，新聞不可偏頗，現只餘媚共。
軍事真空期
Before the arrival of Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt, the Hong Kong and Kowloon Independent Brigade was the only military force in control in the territory. They took the opportunity to stage war crimes trials against local bandits and collaborators. It was a sign that the guerrillas were keen to show to the Japanese and to to the world that they were part of the Allied forces. British intelligence suggested that the East River Column's intention was to capture the entire territory of Hong Kong and use it as a base to repel the KMT forces in the area. Another possibility was that they wanted to hand over the city to the British, with consequent prestige and bargaining power.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年12月27日星期五
focal length and aperture
This standard zoom lens weighs 195g and has 3 stops of image stabilization. The minimum working distance on the wide-angle end is 15cm and the lens barrel finish has been improved.
OIS: Optical Image Stabilization
Housed within the barrel are the lens elements. These are the optical framework of the lens which focus and direct light entering the front of the lens into the camera. They are virtually always made from glass of varying quality.
digital-photography-school.com
The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). ... The longer the focal length (e.g. 55 mm), the smaller the angle and the larger the subject appears to be.
imaging.nikon.com
16–50mm is the focal length of the lens. At 16mm, the widest lens aperture will be F/3.5, while at 50mm the widest lens aperture will be F/5.6.
It means that when zoomed in (highest magnification), the maximum aperture is F/5.6, and when zoomed out (lowest magnification) the maximum aperture is F/3.5.
2019年12月24日星期二
Herpes simplex virus
HSV-1 is mainly transmitted by oral-to-oral contact to cause oral herpes (which can include symptoms known as “cold sores”), but can also cause genital herpes.
Both oral herpes infections and genital herpes infections are mostly asymptomatic but can cause mild symptoms or painful blisters or ulcers at the site of infection.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus
Both oral herpes infections and genital herpes infections are mostly asymptomatic but can cause mild symptoms or painful blisters or ulcers at the site of infection.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus
normal flora
Skin Flora
The varied environment of the skin results in locally dense or sparse populations, with Gram-positive organisms (e.g., staphylococci, micrococci, diphtheroids) usually predominating.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7617/
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria classified by the color they turn in the staining method...The staining method uses crystal violet dye, which is retained by the thick peptidoglycan cell wall found in gram-positive organisms. This gives gram-positive organisms a blue color when viewed under a microscope.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470553/
The varied environment of the skin results in locally dense or sparse populations, with Gram-positive organisms (e.g., staphylococci, micrococci, diphtheroids) usually predominating.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7617/
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria classified by the color they turn in the staining method...The staining method uses crystal violet dye, which is retained by the thick peptidoglycan cell wall found in gram-positive organisms. This gives gram-positive organisms a blue color when viewed under a microscope.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470553/
2019年12月20日星期五
2019年12月17日星期二
Prebiotics
Prebiotics are a group of nutrients that are degraded by gut microbiota. Their relationship with human overall health has been an area of increasing interest in recent years. They can feed the intestinal microbiota, and their degradation products are short-chain fatty acids that are released into blood circulation, consequently, affecting not only the gastrointestinal tracts but also other distant organs.
Various types of microorganisms, known as gut microbiota, are inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that there are 1010–1012 live microorganisms per gram in the human colon. The resident microbial groups in the stomach, small, and large intestine are crucial for human health. The majority of these microorganisms, which are mostly anaerobes, live in the large intestine.
Human diet is the chief source of energy for their growth. Particularly, non-digestible carbohydrates can highly modify the composition and function of gut microbiota. Beneficial intestinal microbes ferment these non-digestible dietary substances called prebiotics and obtain their survival energy from degrading indigestible binds of prebiotics. As a result of this, prebiotics can selectively influence gut microbiota. On the other hand, the gut microbiota affects intestinal functions, such as metabolism and integrity of the intestine. Moreover, they can suppress pathogens in healthy individuals.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6463098/
Prebiotics are a type of fiber that the human body cannot digest. They serve as food for probiotics, which are tiny living microorganisms, including bacteria and yeast. Both prebiotics and probiotics may support helpful bacteria and other organisms in the gut.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323490.php
Various types of microorganisms, known as gut microbiota, are inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that there are 1010–1012 live microorganisms per gram in the human colon. The resident microbial groups in the stomach, small, and large intestine are crucial for human health. The majority of these microorganisms, which are mostly anaerobes, live in the large intestine.
Human diet is the chief source of energy for their growth. Particularly, non-digestible carbohydrates can highly modify the composition and function of gut microbiota. Beneficial intestinal microbes ferment these non-digestible dietary substances called prebiotics and obtain their survival energy from degrading indigestible binds of prebiotics. As a result of this, prebiotics can selectively influence gut microbiota. On the other hand, the gut microbiota affects intestinal functions, such as metabolism and integrity of the intestine. Moreover, they can suppress pathogens in healthy individuals.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6463098/
Prebiotics are a type of fiber that the human body cannot digest. They serve as food for probiotics, which are tiny living microorganisms, including bacteria and yeast. Both prebiotics and probiotics may support helpful bacteria and other organisms in the gut.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323490.php
Comparison
1/125 sec. f/9 23.2 mm
ISO 200
Film Simulation: Velvia/VIVID
Vibrant reproduction, ideal for landscape and nature
1/300 sec. f/8 21.1 mm
ISO 400
Landscape mode
Clear scenic shot
2019年12月10日星期二
Vitamin C vs Collagen Supplement
維生素 C 通常存在於柑桔類水果中，例如橙和檸檬。 維生素 C 是合成膠原蛋白所必需的，而膠原蛋白是我們皮膚結締組織的重要組成部分。 真皮位於表皮之下，由兩層結締組織組成，當中包含膠原蛋白、彈性蛋白和纖維組織母細胞。 纖維組織母細胞能夠製造細胞外基質和膠原蛋白，進而構成我們皮膚框架。
《紐約時報》報導：「補充劑吸收了多少，以及這些氨基酸是能夠為皮膚製造更多膠原蛋白的結構，尚有爭議。」
Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is commonly found in citrus fruit like orange and lemon. Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, which is an essential component of connective tissue in our skin. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and is composed of two layers of connective tissue that include collagen, elastin, fibroblasts. Fibroblasts synthesize extracellular matrix and collagen and produces the structural framework of our skin.
The New York Times reported, "How much of the supplement is absorbed and whether those amino acids make it to their target organs to act as the building blocks to make more collagen is still up for debate."
《紐約時報》報導：「補充劑吸收了多少，以及這些氨基酸是能夠為皮膚製造更多膠原蛋白的結構，尚有爭議。」
Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is commonly found in citrus fruit like orange and lemon. Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, which is an essential component of connective tissue in our skin. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and is composed of two layers of connective tissue that include collagen, elastin, fibroblasts. Fibroblasts synthesize extracellular matrix and collagen and produces the structural framework of our skin.
The New York Times reported, "How much of the supplement is absorbed and whether those amino acids make it to their target organs to act as the building blocks to make more collagen is still up for debate."
Manifesto of Guerrilla
Our Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps (兵團) is the army of the young men in the East River Basin. Among us are members of patriotic parties and people belonging to no party; there are especially many patriotic returned overseas Chinese. We are all united irrespective of the party, rank and thoughts and faith, and we have the common objective of fighting the Japanese and reconstructing our nation. Since the formation of our Corps, we have been enthusiastically assisted by the enlightened patriots. For five years, we have been dealing blows (重擊) to the enemy and puppets (傀儡) in the region of Wai Tung Po (Huizhou, Dongguan and Bao'an). We have been reoccupying lost territories and have destroyed many puppet organizations. We restored the original conditions of the administration in the rural areas and have maintained order and peace in many localities. Education and production have been promoted by us, and we have done much relief work too. So far, we have been praised several times by the authorities of the War Zone. As soon as the Pacific War flared up, we marched towards Kowloon and Hong Kong immediately to disturb the enemy and to save the families of important Chinese officials from the clutches (控制) of the enemy. We have also saved people of the Allied Nations from the concentration camps of the enemy, Many cultural workers and well-known people have been saved by us too.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Free China
(Second Sino-Japanese War)
Areas of China not under the control of the invading Imperial Japanese Army
en.wikipedia.org
Areas of China not under the control of the invading Imperial Japanese Army
en.wikipedia.org
2019年12月9日星期一
2019年12月3日星期二
有種責任叫讀好歷史
香港，是一個沒有歷史感的城市！
香港人，「被教導」成為沒有歷史感的市民。「被教導」，是一個生硬而我不喜歡用的詞語，但事實卻非用這詞不可。為了證明上述的說法，必須說一點歷史根源。
香港的歷史，對英國人來說，是一種忌諱。——通常犯忌的都由於不光彩。舉例說明︰許地山在一九四一年三月，為《時報周刊》寫了一篇《香港史地探略》，該文第一部分是「香港割讓經過」，刊出的時候，就給香港政府檢查留問，整段抽起。如果嫌一九四一年距今太遠，不妨說說我唸中學的時代，也就是五十年代末期，中國歷史科，例不必讀鴉片戰爭。如果五十年代還嫌太遠，就說說現在吧！中學中國歷史，據說為了方便教與讀，分成甲乙丙組，丙組是近代部分。又據說許多教師認為丙組太繁太多，施教不易，學生也認為十分難記，應付考試吃力，通常「情願」不選考丙組。於是，香港中學生在十分情願狀態下，不唸中國近代史。巧妙的策略就在這裡，不是英國殖民地政府——教育政策不讓你們中國人不唸中國近代史，而是，你們自己「情願」不選修中國近代史——我看過中四學生因不必選讀「中史」而雀躍萬分，也見過中史老師力爭放棄丙組的激動神情。這樣，大家情願，十分好辦。香港人，在非常「合理」情況下，不唸中國近代史，當然也不必知道香港歷史了。
生活在「借來的地方」的人，不必問前因，就漸漸「被教導」成為沒有歷史感，只會拚命向前衝群體，這對於殖民地的統治者來說，實在是非常適意的事。而對於香港人，又好像長久以來，沒有甚麼不妥當。
既然，香港的由來，對英國人來說並不光彩，而香港人不知道歷史，不問根源，就更方便統治，沒有一本香港史，遂成了順理成章的事。香港發展的步伐快，香港人忘記前事也更易。遙遠的故事，我們不必追問了，試試去問問現在的中學生，甚麼是「五月風暴」、甚麼是「中文法定運動」、甚麼是「保釣運動」、甚麼是「反貪污、捉葛柏運動」……這一連串距今不遠的香港歷史，看看十來二十歲的香港人有甚麼反應，我們自當明白︰「香港是一個沒有歷史感的城市」的意義。
自五六月以來，這種「欠缺」忽然給人察覺了，年輕香港人於一夜之間，察覺了中國的存在、香港的存在，他們要追問，追問那些前塵往事，追問自己和那些事情的關係。這是一個大好時機——衝破這「沒有歷史感」的缺口，真是付出很大代價，我們必須珍惜！
以後的日子，怎樣保存歷史，怎樣讓青年一輩了解歷史、汲取歷史的教訓，怎樣評價歷史，都是非常急切而重要的課題。沒有歷史感的人，最大的特徵是三分鐘熱度。如果我們不掌握這難得的時機，循著已經衝開的缺口，不斷累積深化，日子流逝，一切有血有淚的教訓，一切今天驚心動魄的事跡，很快很快，就會變成一個個簡略而模糊的名詞，甚至，連名詞也不留下，對後一輩人來說，就像甚麼都沒發生過。
創造歷史是艱難的，保存公允的歷史是艱難的，了解認識歷史是艱難的，從歷史中汲取教訓而不重蹈覆轍是艱難的，一切舉步艱難，特別對於一個長久以來沒有歷史感的城市來說，我們必須付出更大代價——歷史告訴我們︰我們已別無選擇！
香港人，「被教導」成為沒有歷史感的市民。「被教導」，是一個生硬而我不喜歡用的詞語，但事實卻非用這詞不可。為了證明上述的說法，必須說一點歷史根源。
香港的歷史，對英國人來說，是一種忌諱。——通常犯忌的都由於不光彩。舉例說明︰許地山在一九四一年三月，為《時報周刊》寫了一篇《香港史地探略》，該文第一部分是「香港割讓經過」，刊出的時候，就給香港政府檢查留問，整段抽起。如果嫌一九四一年距今太遠，不妨說說我唸中學的時代，也就是五十年代末期，中國歷史科，例不必讀鴉片戰爭。如果五十年代還嫌太遠，就說說現在吧！中學中國歷史，據說為了方便教與讀，分成甲乙丙組，丙組是近代部分。又據說許多教師認為丙組太繁太多，施教不易，學生也認為十分難記，應付考試吃力，通常「情願」不選考丙組。於是，香港中學生在十分情願狀態下，不唸中國近代史。巧妙的策略就在這裡，不是英國殖民地政府——教育政策不讓你們中國人不唸中國近代史，而是，你們自己「情願」不選修中國近代史——我看過中四學生因不必選讀「中史」而雀躍萬分，也見過中史老師力爭放棄丙組的激動神情。這樣，大家情願，十分好辦。香港人，在非常「合理」情況下，不唸中國近代史，當然也不必知道香港歷史了。
生活在「借來的地方」的人，不必問前因，就漸漸「被教導」成為沒有歷史感，只會拚命向前衝群體，這對於殖民地的統治者來說，實在是非常適意的事。而對於香港人，又好像長久以來，沒有甚麼不妥當。
既然，香港的由來，對英國人來說並不光彩，而香港人不知道歷史，不問根源，就更方便統治，沒有一本香港史，遂成了順理成章的事。香港發展的步伐快，香港人忘記前事也更易。遙遠的故事，我們不必追問了，試試去問問現在的中學生，甚麼是「五月風暴」、甚麼是「中文法定運動」、甚麼是「保釣運動」、甚麼是「反貪污、捉葛柏運動」……這一連串距今不遠的香港歷史，看看十來二十歲的香港人有甚麼反應，我們自當明白︰「香港是一個沒有歷史感的城市」的意義。
自五六月以來，這種「欠缺」忽然給人察覺了，年輕香港人於一夜之間，察覺了中國的存在、香港的存在，他們要追問，追問那些前塵往事，追問自己和那些事情的關係。這是一個大好時機——衝破這「沒有歷史感」的缺口，真是付出很大代價，我們必須珍惜！
以後的日子，怎樣保存歷史，怎樣讓青年一輩了解歷史、汲取歷史的教訓，怎樣評價歷史，都是非常急切而重要的課題。沒有歷史感的人，最大的特徵是三分鐘熱度。如果我們不掌握這難得的時機，循著已經衝開的缺口，不斷累積深化，日子流逝，一切有血有淚的教訓，一切今天驚心動魄的事跡，很快很快，就會變成一個個簡略而模糊的名詞，甚至，連名詞也不留下，對後一輩人來說，就像甚麼都沒發生過。
創造歷史是艱難的，保存公允的歷史是艱難的，了解認識歷史是艱難的，從歷史中汲取教訓而不重蹈覆轍是艱難的，一切舉步艱難，特別對於一個長久以來沒有歷史感的城市來說，我們必須付出更大代價——歷史告訴我們︰我們已別無選擇！
明川
二零一九年八月
刊於HK01藝文
2019年11月27日星期三
Late Heavy Bombardment
Heavily cratered (隕石坑) surfaces on the Moon, Mars, and Mercury show that the terrestrial planets were battered by an intense bombardment during their first billion years or more, but the timing, sources, and dynamical implications of these impacts are controversial. The Late Heavy Bombardment refers to impact events that occurred after stabilization of the planetary lithospheres (地殼) such that they could be preserved as craters and basins.
William, F.B., & Marc, D.N. (2017).The Late Heavy Bombardment. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 45, 619-647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020131
William, F.B., & Marc, D.N. (2017).The Late Heavy Bombardment. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 45, 619-647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020131
2019年11月26日星期二
Depression, smartphone addiction and parenting
The purposes of the study were to examine differences in depression and smartphone addiction among four styles of perceived parenting, and determine whether the perceptions of paternal and maternal parenting are associated with depression and smartphone addiction among college students.
A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 378 undergraduate students responded to the survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS statistics version 21.
Levels of depression and smartphone addiction were significantly different according to the four styles of perceived parenting (optimal parenting, affectionate 有愛心的 constraint parenting, affectionless control parenting, and neglectful parenting). Scores of depression and smartphone addiction in the group with perceived affectionless control parenting were higher than those in the other groups. In a regression model, maternal care and paternal overprotection were significantly associated with depression. Also, maternal overprotection was the only significant predictor of smartphone addiction.
These results suggest that students who perceive that both fathers and mothers are low in care, warmth, and support; but high in overprotection, control and intrusiveness are vulnerable to depression and smartphone addiction. Targeted interventions to change and reframe students' perception of paternal and maternal parenting in a positive way may reduce their depression and smartphone addiction.
Yoo, T.J., & Kim, S.S. (2015). Impact of Perceived Parenting Styles on Depression and Smartphone Addition in College Students. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(2), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.127
A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 378 undergraduate students responded to the survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS statistics version 21.
Levels of depression and smartphone addiction were significantly different according to the four styles of perceived parenting (optimal parenting, affectionate 有愛心的 constraint parenting, affectionless control parenting, and neglectful parenting). Scores of depression and smartphone addiction in the group with perceived affectionless control parenting were higher than those in the other groups. In a regression model, maternal care and paternal overprotection were significantly associated with depression. Also, maternal overprotection was the only significant predictor of smartphone addiction.
These results suggest that students who perceive that both fathers and mothers are low in care, warmth, and support; but high in overprotection, control and intrusiveness are vulnerable to depression and smartphone addiction. Targeted interventions to change and reframe students' perception of paternal and maternal parenting in a positive way may reduce their depression and smartphone addiction.
Yoo, T.J., & Kim, S.S. (2015). Impact of Perceived Parenting Styles on Depression and Smartphone Addition in College Students. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(2), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.127
E. coli as an indicator
Monitoring the microbiological quality of drinking water relies largely on examination of indicator bacteria such as coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli is a member of the fecal coliform group and is a more specific indicator of fecal pollution than other fecal coliforms.
https://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/mr/article/view/mr.2013.e2/6220
Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present in the environment and in the feces of all warm-blooded animals and humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause illness. However, their presence in drinking water indicates that pathogens could be in the water system.
https://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/DrinkingWater/Contaminants/Coliform
https://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/mr/article/view/mr.2013.e2/6220
Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present in the environment and in the feces of all warm-blooded animals and humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause illness. However, their presence in drinking water indicates that pathogens could be in the water system.
https://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/DrinkingWater/Contaminants/Coliform
Headquarter
The whole Sai Kung district was so desolate (荒蕪的) and well covered by the guerrillas that they kept their radio transmitter and their mobile headquarters in either Chek Keng or Cheung Sheung for a long period. Both of these locations are neighboring villages accessible within walking distance. But both could only be reached through steep climbs through village paths. By 1943, the East River Column had an elaborate and well-organized structure. In addition to the full-time soldiers who were organized into six different duis with a total strength of about 5000, the paramilitary side had departments with duties such as logistics, intelligence, minyun, hearts and minds work, newspapers, radio station, propaganda, signals, reconnaissance, VIP protection, foreign liaison, medicine and field hospital and training.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年11月21日星期四
multi-tasking
大概一個月前，有人對我說︰「我們工作時間可以閒聊，你就不行。因為我們可以兼顧，你不能。」我又暗笑︰「人類不是電腦，multi-tasking 會影響效率，誰也不能排除於外，只是程度問題。」
The Error of Adventurism
On a moonless night in May 1943, Liu Chunxiang sailed with a platoon (軍) 排 of eleven of his more experienced soldiers to Lung Ku Tan. When they were near the two small islands of Lung Ku and Sha Chau that were normally uninhabited (無人居住的), they were caught by surprise, as they were ambushed (伏擊) by two well-armed Japanese gunboats. All twelve soldiers were killed and their boat was sunk...It was undoubtedly the Independent Brigade's worst defeat during the entire war.
The memory of the tragic loss of their experienced leader Liu Chunxiang and other soldiers affected their morale badly. So in late May, the entire (Lantau Island) detachment assembled in Tung Chung to conduct a memorial service (儀式) for Liu and the other soldiers who died in service. The leaders took the opportunity to conduct a brainstorming session with the cadres (骨幹隊伍). One of the results of the session was that the leaders of the detachment were criticized for being overly ambitious. The terminology used in the criticism was that the leaders had committed "the errors of adventurism (冒險主義)".
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
The memory of the tragic loss of their experienced leader Liu Chunxiang and other soldiers affected their morale badly. So in late May, the entire (Lantau Island) detachment assembled in Tung Chung to conduct a memorial service (儀式) for Liu and the other soldiers who died in service. The leaders took the opportunity to conduct a brainstorming session with the cadres (骨幹隊伍). One of the results of the session was that the leaders of the detachment were criticized for being overly ambitious. The terminology used in the criticism was that the leaders had committed "the errors of adventurism (冒險主義)".
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年11月18日星期一
Use of personal protective equipment and N95 respirator
Gowning and de-gowning
Equipment
- Surgical mask or N95 respirator
- Protective eyewear (face shield or eye shield)
- Cap
- Disposable gown
- Gloves
Gowning
Put on surgical mask, protective eyewear, cap, gown and gloves, as necessary.
Surgical mask
- Identify the pattern of the mask with the appropriate side facing outward before application.
- Secure mask on head with ties or elastic loops to ears.
- Spread folds to cover nose, mouth and chin completely.
- Press and mould the adjustable metal plate over nose bridge bilaterally and simultaneously to fit mask tightly.
Protective eyewear (goggles / eye / face shield)
- Ensure the protective device is well fitted to the face and cover eye or face completely as needed.
Cap
- Cover the head, ears and hair completely with the cap.
Gown
- Select appropriate type and size of gown.
- Tie gown securely at neck and either side of the waist.
- Cover the front and back clothing completely with the gown.
Gloves
- Select appropriate size of clean gloves.
- Pull gloves to cover lower end of the sleeves of gown.
Degowning
- Remove gloves first.
- Take off gloves one by one by grasping the outside edge near wrist with one hand, and peel the glove away from hand to turn glove inside out.
- Hold the removed glove in opposite gloved hand.
- Insert fingers of the ungloved hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove, and peel off from inside creating a bag for both gloves.
- Discard into appropriate container.
Perform hand washing.
- Remove gown.
- Unfasten the ties over neck with both hands and peel gown slightly away from neck and shoulders.
- Unfasten the ties over waist with hand on the same side. Then remove gown without touching its outside surface by crossing one hand over to the opposite side and grapping the inside surface of gown at the collar with fingers to remove the sleeve and gown together by rolling the contaminated outside surface inward.
- Use ungowned arm and hand to grasp the gown from the inside surface and move arm out of the remaining sleeve by turning the contaminated outside toward inside.
- Fold or roll the contaminated side of gown inward into a bundle gently.
- Discard into appropriate container.
Perform hand washing.
- Remove cap.
- Slip fingers of both hands inside the cap and lift it at the sides simultaneously.
- Roll the contaminated outside inward with both hands and remove cap from the sideway of head.
Repeat hand washing.
- Remove eyewear.
- Grasp ear-pieces or head-piece firmly with both hands, lift device away from face.
Repeat hand washing.
- Remove mask.
- Unfasten the bottom then top ties for mask with ties, or lift earloops away from ears with both hands.
- Fold contaminated outside toward inside, then discard.
Perform hand washing.
Use of N95 respirator
1. Cup the respirator in your hand, with the nosepiece at your fingertips, allowing the handbands to hang freely below your hand.
2. Position the respirator under your chin with the nosepiece up. Pull the top strap over your head resting it high at the top back of your head. Pull the bottom strap over your head and position it around the neck below the ears.
3. Place your fingertips from both hands at the top of the metal nosepiece. Using two hands, mold the nose area to the shape of your nose by pushing inward while moving your fingertips down both sides of the nosepiece. Pinching the nosepiece using one hand may result in improper fit and less effective respirator performance. Use two hands.
4. Perform a User Seal Check prior to each wearing. To check the respirator-to-face seal, place both hands completely over the respirator and exhale. Be careful not to disturb the position of the respirator. If air leaks around nose, readjust the nosepiece as described in step 3. If air leaks at the respirator edges, work the straps back along the sides of your head. If you cannot achieve proper seal, do not enter the isolation or treatment area. See your supervisor.
Removal Instructions
See step 2 of Fitting Instructions and cup respirator in hand to maintain position on face. Pull bottom strap over head. Still holding respirator in position, pull top strap over head and remove respirator.
Fit Test
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
In approximately one half of men 50 years and older, the prostate gland enlarges, extending upward into the bladder and obstructing the outflow of urine by encroaching (侵佔) on the vesical orifice.
The hypertrophied lobes of the prostate may obstruct the vesical neck or prostatic urethra, causing incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary retention. As a result, a gradual dilation of the ureters and kidneys can occur. Urinary tract infections may result from urinary stasis. Urine remaining in the urinary tract serves as a medium for infective organisms.
The obstructive and irritative symptoms associated with BPH include increased frequency of urination, nocturia, urgency, hesitancy in starting urination, abdominal straining with urination, a decrease in the volume and force of the urinary stream, interruption of the urinary stream, dribbling (urine dribbles out after urination), a sensation that the bladder has not been completely emptied, acute urinary retention (more than 60 mL of urine remaining in the bladder after urination), and recurrent urinary tract infections. Ultimately, azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products) and renal failure can occur with chronic urinary retention and large residual volumes.
If the patient is admitted on an emergency basis because he cannot void, he is immediately catheterized. The ordinary catheter may be too soft and pliable to advance through the urethra into the bladder.
Pharmacologic treatment for BPH includes use of alpha-adrenergic blockers (e.g. terazosin [Hytrin]). They relax the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate.
Other treatment options for BPH include transurethral incision of the prostate, balloon dilation, transurethral laser resection, transurethral needle ablation, and microwave thermotherapy.
"Watchful waiting" in which patients are monitored periodically for severity of symptoms, physical findings, laboratory tests, and diagnostic urologic tests, is the appropriate treatment for many patients, because the likelihood of progression of the disease or the development of complications is unknown.
Smeltzer, S.C., & Bare, B.G. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: LWW
The hypertrophied lobes of the prostate may obstruct the vesical neck or prostatic urethra, causing incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary retention. As a result, a gradual dilation of the ureters and kidneys can occur. Urinary tract infections may result from urinary stasis. Urine remaining in the urinary tract serves as a medium for infective organisms.
The obstructive and irritative symptoms associated with BPH include increased frequency of urination, nocturia, urgency, hesitancy in starting urination, abdominal straining with urination, a decrease in the volume and force of the urinary stream, interruption of the urinary stream, dribbling (urine dribbles out after urination), a sensation that the bladder has not been completely emptied, acute urinary retention (more than 60 mL of urine remaining in the bladder after urination), and recurrent urinary tract infections. Ultimately, azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products) and renal failure can occur with chronic urinary retention and large residual volumes.
If the patient is admitted on an emergency basis because he cannot void, he is immediately catheterized. The ordinary catheter may be too soft and pliable to advance through the urethra into the bladder.
Pharmacologic treatment for BPH includes use of alpha-adrenergic blockers (e.g. terazosin [Hytrin]). They relax the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate.
Other treatment options for BPH include transurethral incision of the prostate, balloon dilation, transurethral laser resection, transurethral needle ablation, and microwave thermotherapy.
"Watchful waiting" in which patients are monitored periodically for severity of symptoms, physical findings, laboratory tests, and diagnostic urologic tests, is the appropriate treatment for many patients, because the likelihood of progression of the disease or the development of complications is unknown.
Smeltzer, S.C., & Bare, B.G. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: LWW
2019年11月17日星期日
2019年11月13日星期三
2019年11月12日星期二
仁者無敵
While the Independent Brigade was anxious to eliminate traitors (叛徒) and collaborators (通敵者) with the Japanese, such as the Japanese interpreters, there was evidently a policy of dealing leniently (仁慈地) and humanely (人道地) with lesser traitors. One report filed by a British Army Aid Group member who personally witnessed the capture of six bandits (土匪) and collaborators in Tai Po in June 1942, described how he was surprised by the lenient treatment. He fully anticipated that they would be summarily (即刻) executed. Instead, this group of six was given a stern (嚴厲的) lecture on their "unpatriotic conduct". The six were genuinely reduced to tears (使哭了起來). They were given some money for travelling expense and released. They were told to return to their original home, be it north of Shenzhen in China or Japanese-occupied Hong Kong. It seemed that the policy was that, as long as such bandits or collaborators had not killed any Chinese, they were treated more leniently. The treatment meted out to (予以) Japanese prisoners of war was equally humane. Once they were captured, they were repatriated to the safe sanctuary (收容所) of the column, somewhere in Luofu Mountain (羅浮山) in Dongguan. Again, they were lectured on the "evils and crimes of the Japanese Imperial Government" and told that "the Japanese and Chinese peoples should never be at war".
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
content of training
Being conversant in Chinese, Captain Ronald Holmes read the newspaper published by the column's headquarters, Qianjin Bao《前進報》, and sat in on their daily lecture or indoctrination (灌輸). To his surprise, he found very little evidence of Communist propaganda. The troops were given a lecture every afternoon, always by a practised speaker, who was obviously the political commissar. But the contents of the talks were mostly lessons on guerrilla tactics, sometimes of an exhortation (告誡) in general terms. He had never heard anything in the nature of political propaganda. Nor did he find anything of this nature in Qianjin Bao.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年11月11日星期一
爸爸生病了
Hypertension can result from a change in cardiac output, a change in peripheral resistance, or both. The medications used for treating hypertension decrease peripheral resistance, blood volume, or the strength and rate of myocardial contraction.
Most of the people with high blood pressure are having primary hypertension, it is due to an unidentified cause. The remaining population have secondary hypertension, high blood pressure related to identified causes, such as renal disease.
Once identified, elevated blood pressure should be monitored at regular intervals, because hypertension is a lifelong condition.
Hypertension often accompanies other risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease, such as dyslipidemia (abnormal blood fat levels), obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and a sedentary lifestyle.
High blood pressure can be viewed in three ways: as a sign, a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or a disease. As a sign, nurses and other healthcare professionals use blood pressure to monitor a patient's clinical status.
Prolonged blood pressure elevation eventually damages blood vessels throughout the body, particularly in target organs such as the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes. The usual consequences of prolonged, uncontrolled hypertension are myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, strokes, and impaired vision.
Although no precise cause can be identified for most cases of hypertension, it is understood that hypertension is a multi-factorial condition. Because hypertension is a sign, it is most likely to have many causes, just as fever has many causes. For hypertension to occur, there must be a change in one or more factors affecting peripheral resistance or cardiac output. In addition, there must also be a problem with the body's control systems that monitor or regulate pressure.
Many factors have been implicated as causes of hypertension:
Most of the people with high blood pressure are having primary hypertension, it is due to an unidentified cause. The remaining population have secondary hypertension, high blood pressure related to identified causes, such as renal disease.
Once identified, elevated blood pressure should be monitored at regular intervals, because hypertension is a lifelong condition.
Hypertension often accompanies other risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease, such as dyslipidemia (abnormal blood fat levels), obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and a sedentary lifestyle.
High blood pressure can be viewed in three ways: as a sign, a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or a disease. As a sign, nurses and other healthcare professionals use blood pressure to monitor a patient's clinical status.
Prolonged blood pressure elevation eventually damages blood vessels throughout the body, particularly in target organs such as the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes. The usual consequences of prolonged, uncontrolled hypertension are myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, strokes, and impaired vision.
Although no precise cause can be identified for most cases of hypertension, it is understood that hypertension is a multi-factorial condition. Because hypertension is a sign, it is most likely to have many causes, just as fever has many causes. For hypertension to occur, there must be a change in one or more factors affecting peripheral resistance or cardiac output. In addition, there must also be a problem with the body's control systems that monitor or regulate pressure.
Many factors have been implicated as causes of hypertension:
- Increased sympathetic nervous system activity related to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system
- Increased renal reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water related to genetic variation in the pathways by which the kidneys handle sodium
- Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in expansion of extracellular fluid volume and increased systemic vascular resistance
- Decreased vasodilation of the arterioles related to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium
- Resistance to insulin reaction, which may be a common factor linking hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and glucose intolerance
Structural and functional changes in the heart and blood vessels contribute to increases in blood pressure that occur with age. These changes include accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque, fragmentation of arterial elastins, increased collagen deposits, and impaired vasodilation. The result of these changes is a decrease in the elasticity of the major blood vessels. Consequently, the aorta and large arteries are less able to accommodate the volume of blood pumped out by the heart, and the energy that would stretched the vessels instead elevates the systolic blood pressure.
Pathological changes in the kidneys (indicated by increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels) may manifest as nocturia.
Smeltzer, S.C., & Bare, B.G. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: LWW
Nocturia is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality but is frequently overlooked and underreported by patients and unrecognized by physicians. Epidemiologic studies reported that nocturnal voiding is associated not only with aging and benign prostatic hyperplasia, but also with many other clinical conditions. The majority of epidemiologic studies reported a significant relationship between nocturia and hypertension. However, the cause-and-effect relationship between them has not been established. Some physiopathological changes in hypertension are conducive (促成) to result in nocturia. These include the effects of hypertension on glomerular filtration and tubular transport, resetting of the kidney pressure-natriuresis relationship, atrial stretch and release of atrial natriuretic peptide when congestive heart failure complicates hypertension, and peripheral edema. Another link between hypertension and nocturia is obstructive sleep apnea. Furthermore, some evidence supports the relationship between nondipping behavior of blood pressure and an increased prevalence of nocturia. The use of some classes of antihypertensive agents may result in nocturia. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence and physiopathological links that correlate hypertension and nocturia. Emphasis is placed on the need to take a pro-active attitude to detect and treat this hazardous condition.
Carlos, A. (2013). Nocturia in arterial hypertension: a prevalent, underreported, and sometimes underestimated association. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 7(1), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2012.12.004
Natriuresis: excretion of sodium in the urine
A natriuretic peptide is a peptide which induces natriuresis.
For suspected cases of BPH, the doctor may carry out some investigations. These include rectal examination, blood tests, urine tests, ultrasound examination and procedures to obtain tissue samples for laboratory examination to isolate any cancerous cells.
2019年11月8日星期五
Winter Surge is Coming
Flu vaccines have a good safety record. There has been extensive research supporting the safety of flu vaccines.
A flu vaccine is the first and best way to reduce your chances of getting the flu and spreading it to others. CDC recommends that everyone 6 months of age and older receive a flu vaccine every year.
Like any medical product, vaccines can cause side effects. Side effects of the flu vaccine are generally mild and go away on their own within a few days.
Common side effects from the flu shot include:
The flu shot, like other injections, can occasionally cause fainting (昏暈).
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/general.htm
A flu vaccine is the first and best way to reduce your chances of getting the flu and spreading it to others. CDC recommends that everyone 6 months of age and older receive a flu vaccine every year.
Like any medical product, vaccines can cause side effects. Side effects of the flu vaccine are generally mild and go away on their own within a few days.
Common side effects from the flu shot include:
- Soreness (疼痛), redness, and/or swelling from the shot
- Headache
- Fever
- Nausea
- Muscle aches
The flu shot, like other injections, can occasionally cause fainting (昏暈).
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/general.htm
2019年11月5日星期二
成熟為題
大學生成熟嗎？假如大學生成熟，為何年青人需要讀大學？畢業後，甚至來到社會工作後，人一定會成熟，不見得。自以為成熟，卻偏偏是不成熟的一群。成熟的人總會覺得自己不夠成熟，有很大進步空間。有些人，尤其是年紀較大的一輩，未受過大學教育的洗禮，歲月令他們成熟得很，但總是被高學歷的子女看輕。初步的結論是成熟程度與學歷沒有必然關係，卻與年紀有較大的關係，然而以不同年齡層來作對比又欠公允。子女到了父母的年紀，成家立室後，多了一重教育，成熟程度有可能多了一重。
某些大學學位只是踏上社會的階梯，只讓人成為專業人士。當中，時常強調批判性思考，但有多少人能明白箇中的意思？明白了箇中的意思後，有多少人能應用在自身的專業上？有多少人能活用在日常生活中？而思考以外，與其他人合作，團隊精神又是另一種學問。那麼我們需要一個怎樣的教育？一種自主學習？其實閱讀是一種學習的捷徑，紙本閱讀卻慢慢絕跡於港。有人認為電子書是新趨勢，Kindle 可取代，但在貧富懸殊的香港不太可行，為何不返璞歸真。
一兩個月前，因交通緣故要由兆康步行至新墟的住處，其實只是當運動一下，沒有什麼反感。我和黑衣示威者沒有什麼交流，除了見到一個火頭外，只是聽到他們滿口的粗言穢語，雖然林鄭的說話有時比粗口更難聽，雖然我有時都會在心裡詛咒別人。書店的老前輩對我說︰「他們甚麼也不懂，只懂粗口，識講之乎者也我就話佢叻！」這正是香港的問題，香港文化的趨勢。屯門滿街都是壞學生，童黨問題，已經不是什麼新鮮事。政府的做法就是你讀書好便讓你入大學，讀書差少少就讓青少年投入職場，品格培養不太重視。即使叻到入三大，品格也不被看重。大學生成熟嗎？
某些大學學位只是踏上社會的階梯，只讓人成為專業人士。當中，時常強調批判性思考，但有多少人能明白箇中的意思？明白了箇中的意思後，有多少人能應用在自身的專業上？有多少人能活用在日常生活中？而思考以外，與其他人合作，團隊精神又是另一種學問。那麼我們需要一個怎樣的教育？一種自主學習？其實閱讀是一種學習的捷徑，紙本閱讀卻慢慢絕跡於港。有人認為電子書是新趨勢，Kindle 可取代，但在貧富懸殊的香港不太可行，為何不返璞歸真。
一兩個月前，因交通緣故要由兆康步行至新墟的住處，其實只是當運動一下，沒有什麼反感。我和黑衣示威者沒有什麼交流，除了見到一個火頭外，只是聽到他們滿口的粗言穢語，雖然林鄭的說話有時比粗口更難聽，雖然我有時都會在心裡詛咒別人。書店的老前輩對我說︰「他們甚麼也不懂，只懂粗口，識講之乎者也我就話佢叻！」這正是香港的問題，香港文化的趨勢。屯門滿街都是壞學生，童黨問題，已經不是什麼新鮮事。政府的做法就是你讀書好便讓你入大學，讀書差少少就讓青少年投入職場，品格培養不太重視。即使叻到入三大，品格也不被看重。大學生成熟嗎？
2019年10月29日星期二
food rationing
The most urgent and serious problem was the serious food shortage. By early spring 1942, many people had died after weeks of starvation. The whole population had to rely on a system of food rationing at the rate of 7.5 ounces of rice for each person daily. All other means of food such as fruit and vegetables were either in short supply or just not available.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年10月28日星期一
Message from Xiang Zhang
Dear Students, Staff and Alumni,
In the past few months, like many of you, I have been deeply distressed (痛苦的) about the escalating conflicts and violence in the social protests in Hong Kong. Everyone loves this city dearly, yet I recognize that there are strongly diverse views on its development and future.
I reiterate that I am against any form of violence by any party. We urgently need exchange of views in a peaceful and rational manner and HKU must be able to serve this purpose. Most important of all, I care about the safety and well-being of our students and it is our moral obligation (責任) and pastoral (教導的) care role to understand and help them.
The Senior Management Team (SMT) and I have been meeting with students involved in the unrest (動亂), and in some cases we have contacted their families, to attend to their needs and concerns. The Student Support Team that I established in July and CEDARS provide urgent support, ensuring students have access to legal advice, counselling and other necessary services. Our Faculty Deans, Hall Wardens (學監), College Masters and teachers have also reached out to students and stayed engaged with them.
Furthermore, we have explained to the campus community our principles and practice regarding police entry onto University property. (link)
The SMT and I believe that ongoing engagement with students is very important. We have held discussions with students at various occasions in different manners and will continue to do so.
Professor Xiang Zhang
President and Vice-Chancellor
In the past few months, like many of you, I have been deeply distressed (痛苦的) about the escalating conflicts and violence in the social protests in Hong Kong. Everyone loves this city dearly, yet I recognize that there are strongly diverse views on its development and future.
I reiterate that I am against any form of violence by any party. We urgently need exchange of views in a peaceful and rational manner and HKU must be able to serve this purpose. Most important of all, I care about the safety and well-being of our students and it is our moral obligation (責任) and pastoral (教導的) care role to understand and help them.
The Senior Management Team (SMT) and I have been meeting with students involved in the unrest (動亂), and in some cases we have contacted their families, to attend to their needs and concerns. The Student Support Team that I established in July and CEDARS provide urgent support, ensuring students have access to legal advice, counselling and other necessary services. Our Faculty Deans, Hall Wardens (學監), College Masters and teachers have also reached out to students and stayed engaged with them.
Furthermore, we have explained to the campus community our principles and practice regarding police entry onto University property. (link)
The SMT and I believe that ongoing engagement with students is very important. We have held discussions with students at various occasions in different manners and will continue to do so.
Professor Xiang Zhang
President and Vice-Chancellor
2019年10月25日星期五
走出幽暗深谷
曾經至少兩次走出鬱躁 (Manic Depressive Disorder) 的深谷。到今天的香港，同路人越來越多。要避免繼續沉淪下去，請容許我提出四大要點︰
- 情緒問題剛開始時接受臨床心理學家的認知行為治療 (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)。當年讀書時期是免費，雖然現時輪候情況不太清楚，但相信校方有足夠的資源。一般來說是保密的，違法行為除外。除此之外，友人是表達性藝術治療師 (Expressive Art Therapist)，治療不一定限於繪畫、參與戲劇，音樂亦是重中之重。
- 如果問題到了嚴重階段，我們要考慮向家庭醫生求助，再問醫生要否轉介。到了今時今日，香港人仍是將精神病污名化 (Stigmatization)，歧視依舊存在。反送中初期，十個香港人便有一個是抑鬱症患者 (HKUMed report, 2019)。 此等疾病會讓人有自殺傾向，治療刻不容緩。
- 個人認為，家人、朋友的支持有時甚至比藥物、專業治療更為重要。此處不是要表達不用治療，而是需要雙管齊下。沒有家人的支持，要走出深谷比登天更難。幸好地，我生長在一個幸福的家庭，真心朋友不多但精。此動亂時勢，我們稱同行的人為手足，香港人要撐香港人，希望有相類作用。
- 最後一點，是最難理解的一點，而且仍有待更多科學驗證。我們應該多吃洗淨表面的蔬果 (洗生果詳情看袁國勇教授的 You Tube 片) 及儘量避免使用抗生素，例如單純病毒感染根本不需要服用抗生素。益菌死，惡菌生。
In fact, gastrointestinal symptoms are surprisingly common in people with mental health and neurological conditions...Diarrhea is often a side effect of antibiotics...Sudo and Chida designed a simple experiment, using mice, that looked at whether the gut microbiota affected the brain's response to stress...in the germ-free (in the gut) mice the (stress) hormone concentrations were twice as high...Many microbes were (soon) linked to mental illness, but it is the Toxoplasma parasite that has proved to be the most compelling suspect for many conditions...
Collen, A. (2015) 10% Human: How Your Body's Microbes Hold the Key to Health and Happiness. London: William Collins.
抗日文宣
The guerrillas were successful in launching their minyun, i.e. propaganda, logistics, and hearts and minds work combined. In Sai Kung, for example, they staged plays with songs and dances. The contents of such performances did not stress Communist ideology but patriotism...All in all, they won the support of the local people not by coercion but through soft "heart and mind" indoctrination (灌輸).
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年10月24日星期四
Big data or artificial intelligence?
在 Notebook 看過的 You Tube 串流影片，手機上的 Chrome 有相關的網路介紹。
於 Gmail 打電郵，type 一個字，後面不時有建議用字。
於 Gmail 打電郵，type 一個字，後面不時有建議用字。
漏洞
有一天，有位旅客用信用卡簽賬。信用卡機顯示交易不接受，沒出紙。同一時間，客人收到銀行短訊，表示交易已經完成。客人要求取單據和攜同貨品離去。我再次表明交易尚未完成，並請她聯絡銀行。她身在外地，有機會不能輕易聯絡當地的銀行。所以，我請求同事協助處理。他首先重印上一張收據，向客人證明交易沒有成功。第二步，他解釋給客人聽，需要拍攝客人手機上的短訊，以作根據，再藉以聯絡本公司的會計部。客人一開始覺得短訊內有個人資料，不太願意給人截圖，但最終都合作。第二次用同一張卡簽賬成功，客人便說︰「明顯地我簽賬了兩次。」事緣到了我的午飯時間，所以請同事代為處理。但是，我猜想我們可以能夠做的只有請求客人留意銀行 statement、給客人公司電郵以及聯絡會計部。
2019年10月22日星期二
news.rthk.hk
The government has dismissed a letter posted in The Lancet medical journal that critizised the Hong Kong police's use of tear gas and the lack of monitoring and protective measures in areas where it has been used.
The letter from a group of Chinese University scholars questioned whether tear gas should be used in densely-populated areas and criticized a lack of government efforts to provide health protection and cleaning up guidelines to the public.
But Health Secretary Sophia Chan rejected this criticism and said the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) had issued guidelines for workers who clean up streets where tear gas has been used.
She said the FEHD has made available to outsourced workers these guidelines and provided them with information on what kind of safety gear they should use when doing such work.
Chan didn't mention any advice or assistance for members of the public who had been affected by tear gas.
The minister also denied the government's anti-mask law contradicts public health advice in preventing the spread of germs.
"The most important thing obviously is to take vaccination for prevention. Whether people wearing masks for preventive measures will be arrested, we are not sure," she said.
The secretary said the new law does not, in principle, contradict public health measures.
The letter from a group of Chinese University scholars questioned whether tear gas should be used in densely-populated areas and criticized a lack of government efforts to provide health protection and cleaning up guidelines to the public.
But Health Secretary Sophia Chan rejected this criticism and said the Food and Environmental Hygiene Department (FEHD) had issued guidelines for workers who clean up streets where tear gas has been used.
She said the FEHD has made available to outsourced workers these guidelines and provided them with information on what kind of safety gear they should use when doing such work.
Chan didn't mention any advice or assistance for members of the public who had been affected by tear gas.
The minister also denied the government's anti-mask law contradicts public health advice in preventing the spread of germs.
"The most important thing obviously is to take vaccination for prevention. Whether people wearing masks for preventive measures will be arrested, we are not sure," she said.
The secretary said the new law does not, in principle, contradict public health measures.
Use of tear gas for crowd control in HK
公共衛生方面，我們明顯看到沒有政府主導的去污工作，也缺乏應對催淚煙副作用的官方健康保護指引和自助建議。在香港炎熱潮濕的亞熱帶環境中，催淚煙在密閉空間（如繁忙的火車站和商業購物中心附近）的使用會長時間讓人暴露於高濃度的催淚氣體中。 催淚氣也在高密度的居民區和許多老人居住的社區使用。 受影響的社區和場所的市民必須自尋潔淨環境方法。(板主言︰靠政府，香得早！)
One of the main public health controversies is the apparent absence of government-led decontamination efforts and the absence of official guidelines and self-help advice on health protection against the side-effects of tear gas. In the hot and humid subtropical environment of Hong Kong, tear gas deployment in enclosed spaces such as busy railway stations and near commercial shopping centers can expose people to high concentrations of tear gas for a prolonged amount of time. Tear gas has also been deployed in high-density residential areas and communities with many elderly people. Affected communities and premises (場地) have to find their own way of decontaminating their surroundings.
Chan, Y. Y. & Hung, K. C. (2019). Use of tear gas for crowd control in Hong Kong. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32326-8
One of the main public health controversies is the apparent absence of government-led decontamination efforts and the absence of official guidelines and self-help advice on health protection against the side-effects of tear gas. In the hot and humid subtropical environment of Hong Kong, tear gas deployment in enclosed spaces such as busy railway stations and near commercial shopping centers can expose people to high concentrations of tear gas for a prolonged amount of time. Tear gas has also been deployed in high-density residential areas and communities with many elderly people. Affected communities and premises (場地) have to find their own way of decontaminating their surroundings.
Chan, Y. Y. & Hung, K. C. (2019). Use of tear gas for crowd control in Hong Kong. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32326-8
by another means of surgery
Vaginal hysterectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the uterus through the vagina.
www.mayoclinic.org
www.mayoclinic.org
laparoscopy
a surgical procedure in which a fiber-optic instrument is inserted through the abdominal wall to view the organs in the abdomen or permit small-scale surgery.
g-dict
g-dict
童黨
子曰：「群居終日，言不及義，好行小慧，難矣哉！」
孔子說：「一群人整天聚集在一起，講的都是些無聊話，又喜歡賣弄小聰明，實在很難走上人生的正道。」
http://www.merit-times.com.tw
孔子說：「一群人整天聚集在一起，講的都是些無聊話，又喜歡賣弄小聰明，實在很難走上人生的正道。」
http://www.merit-times.com.tw
Message from Zhou Enlai
The present overall situation throughout the country is a situation of stalling (拖延) and stalemate (僵局) on the part of the KMT Government. They still maintain the facade (表面) of engaging in anti-Japanese activities. But concurrently, they are more active in pursuing (從事) anti-communist activities. The possibility of KMT units surrendering to Japanese units in isolated locations cannot be ruled out (把...排除在外). We must maintain our anti-Japanese guerrilla [gəˋrilə] campaign bravely and should not be afraid of armed conflict. Only through such a move can we survive and develop further. Units commanded by Zeng Sheng (曾生) and Wang Zuorao should return to the Dongguan (東莞), Bao'an (寶安) and Huizhou (惠州) areas. With such favorable political conditions and the support from the local populace (民眾), you should find a way to operate in the areas between the Japanese occupied territory and that controlled by the KMT. But do not stay in an area for too long. If you resort to total avoidance of armed conflict with the enemies and hide in the hinterland (偏僻地區), it is not only a wrong political move, but it is also doomed to fail militarily. In such an event, the KMT forces will eliminate you under the pretext (藉口) that your are but local bandits (土匪). If you move to the Chaozhou (潮州) and Meixian (梅縣) areas, you are leaving your base of support.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年10月20日星期日
2019年10月15日星期二
ingredients of scrambled egg
2 large free range eggs
6 tbsp single cream or full cream milk
a knob of butter
https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/1720/perfect-scrambled-eggs
tbsp: tablespoon
knob: 小塊
Cream is categorized according to its milk fat content and comes in two forms – pure and treated. Both must contain no less than 35% milk fat.
https://www.dairy.com.au/products/cream
Eggs: you may like them sunny side up or over easy, but it's safer to eat eggs that are cooked well. Today some unbroken, clean, fresh shell eggs may contain Salmonella bacteria that can cause food-borne illness. To be safe, eggs must be properly handled, refrigerated and cooked.
https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/handling-eggs-prevent-salmonella
6 tbsp single cream or full cream milk
a knob of butter
https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/recipes/1720/perfect-scrambled-eggs
tbsp: tablespoon
knob: 小塊
Cream is categorized according to its milk fat content and comes in two forms – pure and treated. Both must contain no less than 35% milk fat.
https://www.dairy.com.au/products/cream
Eggs: you may like them sunny side up or over easy, but it's safer to eat eggs that are cooked well. Today some unbroken, clean, fresh shell eggs may contain Salmonella bacteria that can cause food-borne illness. To be safe, eggs must be properly handled, refrigerated and cooked.
https://extension.umn.edu/preserving-and-preparing/handling-eggs-prevent-salmonella
呵呵雞
In fact in many instances, it was difficult to differentiate between the bandits (土匪) and the KMT soldiers, as many bandits were given military rank and recognition by local KMT generals. This combined group of KMT soldiers and bandits was given the disparaging (輕蔑的) nickname of he he ji (呵呵雞)，that is chickens afflicted (suffered from) with parasites, by the people and the Communist-led guerrillas.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Alpha blocker
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Prazosin (Minipress)
Action: lower peripheral resistance, block alpha-receptor in bladder neck, prostate (mild to moderate hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia)
Side effects: Frequent urine, orthostatic hypertension, pruritis, vertigo
Terazosin (Hytrin)
Prazosin (Minipress)
Action: lower peripheral resistance, block alpha-receptor in bladder neck, prostate (mild to moderate hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia)
Side effects: Frequent urine, orthostatic hypertension, pruritis, vertigo
2019年10月14日星期一
鹽燒三文魚頭
Smart Tips on Better Cholesterol Control and Healthy Heart
Limit animal’s internal organs including fish head.
https://www.fhs.gov.hk/english/health_info/woman/30105.pdf
But how about salmon head?
Does salmon head contain low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol?
Limit animal’s internal organs including fish head.
https://www.fhs.gov.hk/english/health_info/woman/30105.pdf
But how about salmon head?
Does salmon head contain low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol?
2019年10月11日星期五
2019年10月10日星期四
香港文學散步〈達德學院〉
「原為女生宿舍的紅樓現貌，現稱何福堂會所。」
小思(1990)︰「我看著何福堂書院的學生，快樂地在球場上奔跑，忽然，我想問︰幾十年後，他們又會有些甚麼感慨？」
攝於2010年6月16日
Who can make students angry?
On 18 September 1936, some secondary school students joined hands (聯合行動) and formed an organization called the "Hong Kong Resist Japan and Save the Nation Society" in secret, after having observed a National Humiliation (恥辱) Day commemoration (紀念) ceremony at the Lap Tak School.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年10月9日星期三
羅漢松 Buddhist Pine
常綠喬木，高可達15米
Evergreen tree, up to 15m tall
樹幹 Trunk
樹皮縱裂或呈薄片狀脫落
Bark with longitudinal cracks or peeling off in flakes
葉 Leaf
革質 (Leathery)，7-12 x 0.7-1 cm
Flower
雄球花長 (Male cones) 3-5 cm
雌球花單生於葉腋
Female cones axillary, solitary
Seed
種子直徑約1厘米，成熟時假種皮紫黑色，被白粉
Seeds about 1 cm in diameter, arils purple black when ripe, covered with a whitish coating
Features for identification
Leaves spirally arranged on the upper part of branchlets, slightly revolute (反捲), dark green and glossy (光澤) on the leaves, grey green beneath the leaves, midveins raised on both sides
Upper part with spherical seeds, lower part with short column-shaped fleshy receptacle, red or purplish red, looking like a 羅漢 wearing a 袈裟 on the whole
ISBN: 978-988-120-2130
Evergreen tree, up to 15m tall
樹幹 Trunk
樹皮縱裂或呈薄片狀脫落
Bark with longitudinal cracks or peeling off in flakes
葉 Leaf
革質 (Leathery)，7-12 x 0.7-1 cm
Flower
雄球花長 (Male cones) 3-5 cm
雌球花單生於葉腋
Female cones axillary, solitary
Seed
種子直徑約1厘米，成熟時假種皮紫黑色，被白粉
Seeds about 1 cm in diameter, arils purple black when ripe, covered with a whitish coating
Features for identification
Leaves spirally arranged on the upper part of branchlets, slightly revolute (反捲), dark green and glossy (光澤) on the leaves, grey green beneath the leaves, midveins raised on both sides
Upper part with spherical seeds, lower part with short column-shaped fleshy receptacle, red or purplish red, looking like a 羅漢 wearing a 袈裟 on the whole
ISBN: 978-988-120-2130
文宣
There was a mobile and roving (流竄的) song and dance troupe (劇團) that went from county (縣) to county in the unoccupied areas in the Pearl River Delta in south Guangdong, to spread the Anti-Japan and Save the Nation propaganda (宣傳鼓動) message.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年10月8日星期二
周副教授〈政治轉型與公共哲學〉
「社會轉型不會自動發生。要推動改變，就必須有變動的力量。力量從哪裡來？必然從社會來。社會要有力量，就須有觀念的傳播、意識的覺醒、公共論述能力的培養、抗爭主體的打造，以及具批判性公共文化的形成。」
十月四日懸案
On 18 September 1931, the Japanese army blew up the tracks of a Japanese-owned railway in south Manchuria. The explosion failed to derail (使…脫軌) an express train, so the Japanese killed the Chinese railway guards and fabricated a story that the Chinese had sabotaged (蓄意破壞) the railway.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年10月5日星期六
2019年9月30日星期一
The letters from no one
trip: to catch the foot against something so as to stumble
stumble: to walk unsteadily or clumsily
parade: to cause to maneuver or march
maneuver: a military or naval movement
maroon: a dark red
knickerbockers: knickers: loose-fitting short pants gathered at the knee
knobbly: having very small knobs
gruffly (gruff): being deep and harsh
rags: clothes usually in poor or ragged condition
snap: to utter sharp biting words
utter: carried to the utmost point or highest degree
poke: hit, punch
twang: to throb or twitch with pain or tension
throb: to beat or vibrate rhythmically
twitch: to move jerkily
parchment: the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on
emerald: a rich green variety of beryl prized as a gemstone
gemstone: a mineral or petrified material that when cut and polished can be used in jewelry
petrify: to convert (organic matter) into stone or a substance of stony hardness by the infiltration of water and the deposition of dissolved mineral matter
badger: any of various burrowing mammals
burrow: a hole or excavation in the ground made by an animal for shelter and habitation
chuckle: to laugh inwardly or quietly
rip: to tear or split apart or open
snort: to force air violently through the nose with a rough harsh sound
whelk: any of numerous large marine snails
snatch: to attempt to seize something suddenly
sneer: to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt
contort: to twist into or as if into a strained shape or expression
scorn: open dislike and disrespect or mockery often mixed with indignation
indignation: anger aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean
contempt: lack of respect or reverence for something
reverence: honor or respect felt or shown
glance: to take a quick look at something
porridge: a soft food made by boiling meal of grains or legumes in milk or water until thick
gasp: to catch the breath convulsively and audibly (as with shock)
grab: to take or seize by or as if by a sudden motion or grasp
grasp: to make the motion of seizing
clutch: to grasp or hold with or as if with the hand or claws usually strongly, tightly, or suddenly
furious: exhibiting or goaded by anger
goad: to incite or rouse as if with a goad
incite: to move to action
rouse: to arouse from or as if from sleep or repose
croak: to make a deep harsh sound
stuff: to fill by packing things in
scruff: the back of the neck
slam: to shut forcibly and noisily
mutter: to utter sounds or words indistinctly or with a low voice and with the lips partly closed
stamp out: to stop or destroy (something bad)
cine: motion picture
swap: to give in trade
bawl: to cry out loudly and unrestrainedly
whack: to strike with a smart or resounding blow
strangle: to choke to death by compressing the throat with something (such as a hand or rope)
wrestle: to contend by grappling with and striving to trip or throw an opponent down or off balance
wheeze: to breathe with difficulty usually with a whistling sound
creep: to move along with the body prone and close to the ground
tread: to step or walk on or over
squashy: softly wet
miserable: being in a pitiable state of distress or unhappiness
nail: to fasten with or as if with a nail
hum: to utter a sound like that of the speech sound \m\ prolonged
tiptoe: the position of being balanced on the balls of the feet and toes with the heels raised
shred: a long narrow strip cut or torn off
marmalade: a clear sweetened jelly in which pieces of fruit and fruit rind are suspended
whiz: to hum, whir, or hiss like a speeding object (such as an arrow or ball) passing through air
moustache: the hair growing on the human upper lip
nightfall: the close of the day
outskirts: a part remote from the center : border — usually used in plural
musty: tasting of mold
sill: the horizontal member at the base of a window
stale: tasteless
cornflakes: toasted flakes made from the coarse meal of hulled corn for use as a breakfast cereal
timid: lacking in courage or self-confidence
snivel: to cry or whine with snuffling
stumble: to walk unsteadily or clumsily
parade: to cause to maneuver or march
maneuver: a military or naval movement
maroon: a dark red
knickerbockers: knickers: loose-fitting short pants gathered at the knee
knobbly: having very small knobs
gruffly (gruff): being deep and harsh
rags: clothes usually in poor or ragged condition
snap: to utter sharp biting words
utter: carried to the utmost point or highest degree
poke: hit, punch
twang: to throb or twitch with pain or tension
throb: to beat or vibrate rhythmically
twitch: to move jerkily
parchment: the skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on
emerald: a rich green variety of beryl prized as a gemstone
gemstone: a mineral or petrified material that when cut and polished can be used in jewelry
petrify: to convert (organic matter) into stone or a substance of stony hardness by the infiltration of water and the deposition of dissolved mineral matter
badger: any of various burrowing mammals
burrow: a hole or excavation in the ground made by an animal for shelter and habitation
chuckle: to laugh inwardly or quietly
rip: to tear or split apart or open
snort: to force air violently through the nose with a rough harsh sound
whelk: any of numerous large marine snails
snatch: to attempt to seize something suddenly
sneer: to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express scorn or contempt
contort: to twist into or as if into a strained shape or expression
scorn: open dislike and disrespect or mockery often mixed with indignation
indignation: anger aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean
contempt: lack of respect or reverence for something
reverence: honor or respect felt or shown
glance: to take a quick look at something
porridge: a soft food made by boiling meal of grains or legumes in milk or water until thick
gasp: to catch the breath convulsively and audibly (as with shock)
grab: to take or seize by or as if by a sudden motion or grasp
grasp: to make the motion of seizing
clutch: to grasp or hold with or as if with the hand or claws usually strongly, tightly, or suddenly
furious: exhibiting or goaded by anger
goad: to incite or rouse as if with a goad
incite: to move to action
rouse: to arouse from or as if from sleep or repose
croak: to make a deep harsh sound
stuff: to fill by packing things in
scruff: the back of the neck
slam: to shut forcibly and noisily
mutter: to utter sounds or words indistinctly or with a low voice and with the lips partly closed
stamp out: to stop or destroy (something bad)
cine: motion picture
swap: to give in trade
bawl: to cry out loudly and unrestrainedly
whack: to strike with a smart or resounding blow
strangle: to choke to death by compressing the throat with something (such as a hand or rope)
wrestle: to contend by grappling with and striving to trip or throw an opponent down or off balance
wheeze: to breathe with difficulty usually with a whistling sound
creep: to move along with the body prone and close to the ground
tread: to step or walk on or over
squashy: softly wet
miserable: being in a pitiable state of distress or unhappiness
nail: to fasten with or as if with a nail
hum: to utter a sound like that of the speech sound \m\ prolonged
tiptoe: the position of being balanced on the balls of the feet and toes with the heels raised
shred: a long narrow strip cut or torn off
marmalade: a clear sweetened jelly in which pieces of fruit and fruit rind are suspended
whiz: to hum, whir, or hiss like a speeding object (such as an arrow or ball) passing through air
moustache: the hair growing on the human upper lip
nightfall: the close of the day
outskirts: a part remote from the center : border — usually used in plural
musty: tasting of mold
sill: the horizontal member at the base of a window
stale: tasteless
cornflakes: toasted flakes made from the coarse meal of hulled corn for use as a breakfast cereal
timid: lacking in courage or self-confidence
snivel: to cry or whine with snuffling
gleeful: merry
amble: to go at or as if at an easy gait
wicked: dangerously aggressive
grin: a facial expression produced by grinning especially in pleasure or amusement
shrivel: to draw into wrinkles especially with a loss of moisture
splatter: to scatter or fall in or as if in drops
fierce: violently hostile or aggressive in temperament
rattle: to make a rapid succession of short sharp noises
ragged: roughly unkempt
unkempt: deficient in order or neatness
ferocious: exhibiting or given to extreme fierceness and unrestrained violence and brutality
rumble: to make a low heavy rolling sound
tick: the time taken by the tick of a clock
creak: to make a prolonged grating or squeaking sound often as a result of being worn-out
slap: to strike sharply with or as if with the open hand
crumble: to break into small pieces
shack: hut
Dictionary: https://www.merriam-webster.com
2019年9月26日星期四
2019年9月24日星期二
Geopolitics
地緣政治(Geopolitics)是指在特定區域的地理位置內，國與國的各種政治角力，並形成的政治格局，當中涉及政治、外交、經濟、軍事戰略等互動關係。地緣政治強調地理因素，包括地理空間、地形、氣候、人口、天然資源等，對政治和外交決策的影響，促使相關國家從地理決定原則出發，制定外交政策的優先次序。
http://www.liberalstudies.hk/daily_concepts/?word=790
http://www.liberalstudies.hk/daily_concepts/?word=790
紅太陽
延安整風運動是深刻影響二十世紀中國歷史進程的重大事件，這是由毛澤東自領導的中共黨內第一次大規模政治運動，也是建國後歷史政治運動的濫觴。毛澤東在延安整風中運用他所創造的思想改造和審幹、肅反兩種手段，全面清除了中共黨內存留的五四自由民主思想的影響，徹底轉換了中共的「俄化」氣質，重建了以毛澤東為絕對主宰的上層結構，奠定了黨的全盤毛澤東化的基礎，其間所產生的一系列概念、範式在1949年後改變了億萬中國人的生活和命運。
https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/rcccc/publish/pub_contemp_main_redsun.html
https://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/rcccc/publish/pub_contemp_main_redsun.html
The term "late"
The term "late" is used where there is a possible confusion between a living person and the one who is dead. Fathers and sons often have the same name. If the father is dead, you may well refer to him as the late John Smith to show that you do not mean his living son also called John Smith.
quora.com
quora.com
果而勿強
依照「道」的原則輔佐君主的人，不以兵力逞強於天下。窮兵黷武這種事必然會得到報應。軍隊所到的地方，荊棘橫生，大戰之後，一定會出現荒年。善於用兵的人，只要達到用兵的目的也就可以了，並不以兵力強大而逞強好鬥。達到目的了卻不自我矜持，達到目的了也不去誇耀驕傲，達到目的了也不要自以為是，達到目的卻出於不得已，達到目的卻不逞強。事物過於強大就會走向衰朽，這就說明它不符合於「道」，不符合於「道」的，就會很快死亡。
daodejing.org
以道佐人主者，不以兵強天下；其事好還。師之所處，荊棘生焉！大軍之後，必有凶年。善者果而已，不敢以取強。果而勿矜，果而勿伐，果而勿驕。果而不得已，果而勿強。物壯則老，是謂不道，不道早已。
Those who apply the doctrine (學說) of Dao to help the ruler will oppose
all conquest (征服) by
military force. War being so destructive will, as law of cause and effect, bring
harm to the Maker. With the station of soldiers, thorny bushes might grow, thus
affecting the livelihood of peasants. Great wars are always followed by
famines. Therefore, a good general will not use force to carry out invasion.
After the war, he does not think it an act of glory. Despite the effect he does
not boast (誇耀) of
his merit. Despite the effect he does not take pride in it. Because he
considers the force so used is only a regrettably necessity. After the war, he
does not love violence. When things reach their prime, they will decay and
become old. Violence by the use of force is against the nature of Dao.
--- Chapter Thirty, Daodejing,
Lao Zi, 6th Century B.C.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong
Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong
University Press.
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