從「損失」中學習

modulation: the act of influencing something by changing or controlling it

The periaqueductal gray is a key structure in the propagation and modulation of pain, sympathetic responses as well as the learning and action of defensive and aversive behaviors.

The posterior cingulate cortex is a key node in the default mode network that is typically active at rest and during episodic and prospective memory tasks.

autobiographical: being or relating to the story of a person's life

going-over: a complete examination or cleaning of somebody/something

cathartic: involving the release of strong feelings as a way of providing relief from anger, mental pain, etc.

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is part of the limbic system and is involved in the regulation of attention and emotion, inhibitory control, error monitoring, and motivation (Bush, Luu, & Posner, 2000). 

When your brain uses previous experiences to shape the world, we call this experience-dependent plasticity. Having experienced a loss means we can be better prepared next time.

大腦會根據你過去學到和經歷過的事情，改變神經連結，從而影響你如何理解和回應周圍的世界。曾經遭受失敗或損失的人，能從經驗中學習，未來遇到類似情況時，較能預防問題或作出更好的決定。

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a group of neurons located near the floor of the midbrain, adjacent to the substantia nigra. It serves as a core part of the brain's reward and motivation circuitry.

The nucleus accumbens is a subcortical brain structure in the basal forebrain that acts as the primary interface between motivation, emotion, and motor action, famously recognized as a core part of the brain's reward system.

Nicole Vignola "Rewire"

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