改變的動機

instil: to gradually put an idea or attitude into somebody's mind; to make somebody feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time

devastating: impressive and powerful

garage: a place where vehicles are repaired and/or where you can buy a car or buy petrol and oil

Studies around the motivation of behavioral change show us that as humans we tend to ignore negative warnings and respond better to positive ones.

關於行為改變動機的研究顯示，人類往往會忽視負面警告，對正面訊息的反應較好。

frantically: ​quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized

We have negativity bias, and we tend to dwell on the negative, yet it does not make a difference to our behavior when we use it as a form of motivation to change. 我們有負面偏向，容易沉溺於負面，但當把負面當作促使改變的動機時，對行為並沒有實質影響。

想要改變某種行為時，用負面警告（例如威脅、恐嚇或強調後果）去提醒人，常常會被人忽略；相反地，用正面訊息（例如鼓勵、獎勵或強調好處）更容易引起人們的回應或配合。重點在於「訊息的呈現方式」會影響人是否願意採取行動。

「負面偏向」指的是人類心理上對負面資訊更敏感、記得更久、也更容易反覆思考負面事件。換句話說，我們會花比較多心力在壞消息或風險上。

雖然我們有負面偏向、會反覆思考負面事物，但把負面情緒或恐懼當作動機去促使改變，往往不會真正改變行為。也就是說，注意力和情緒上的「在意」不等於行為上的「改變」。

要真正改變行為，除了指出風險外，還需要可行的步驟、正向支持與持續的強化。

Nicole Vignola "Rewire"

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