延長壽命的迷思

Coenzymes are derived from several members of a special class of nutrients known as vitamins. For example, the coenzyme NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is derived from the B-vitamins niacin. As we will see, it plays major role in energy metabolism by transferring hydrogen from one substrate to another.

Widmaier, E.P., & Raff, H. (2008). Vander’s Human Physiology: The Mechanisms of Body Function. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

NAD+ is a cosubstrate for other enzymes such as the sirtuins and poly(adenosine diphosphate–ribose) polymerases. Cellular NAD+ concentrations change during aging, and modulation (調整) of NAD+ usage or production can prolong both health span and life span. Here we review factors that regulate NAD+ and discuss how supplementation with NAD+ precursors may represent a new therapeutic opportunity for aging and its associated disorders, particularly neurodegenerative diseases.

Verdin, E. (2015). NAD+ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 350(6265), 1208-1213.

Sirtuins are a conserved family of proteins found in all domains of life. The first known sirtuin, Sir2, regulates ribosomal DNA recombination, gene silencing, DNA repair, chromosomal stability and longevity. Sir2 homologues (同系物) also modulate lifespan in worms and flies, and may underlie (構成…的基礎) the beneficial effects of caloric restriction, the only regimen that slows aging and extends lifespan of most classes of organism, including mammals. Sirtuins have gained considerable attention for their impact on mammalian physiology, since they may provide novel targets for treating diseases associated with aging and perhaps extend human lifespan. In this review we describe our current understanding of the biological function of the seven mammalian sirtuins, SIRT1–7, and we will also discuss their potential as mediators of caloric restriction and as pharmacological targets to delay and treat human age-related diseases.

Michan, S., & Sinclair, D. (2007). Sirtuins in mammals: insights into their biological function. Biochemical Journal, 404(1), 1–13.

Image: www.watsons.com.hk

意思

自負的人往往會過高地估計了自己。

高速公路快線

最右

屯門西鐵站前身

新發邨

千年繁華

There's also the Kyoto Heritage Preservation Association's Autumn Special Exhibit, when 20 or so historic structures generally closed to the public - like Toji's (教王護國寺) five-storey pagoda (佛塔) - open their doors...The Autumn Special Exhibit takes place over roughly 10 days in late October and early November (for details see www.kobunka.com). This is a rare opportunity to see important works of art on temple walls and sliding doors that, for preservation reasons, can't be shown year-round. The places that open are different each year.

Morgan, K., & Milner R. (2018). Lonely Planet Kyoto. Lonely Planet.

演變

道聽塗說 古籍今用

道聽途說 約定俗成

《動物農莊》第一章

在跟人類的鬥爭的過程中，千萬別到頭來受他們影響。就算你們後來征服了他們，也千萬別染上他們的惡習。

Image: cup.cuhk.edu.hk