演算法

演算法是計算機科學非常重要的基礎科目。簡單來說，演算法就是用電腦算數學的學問，可以說是數學科目。

想要解決現實生活當中的各種問題，計算機科學家就把現實問題對應到數學問題，然後設計公式、把公式寫成程式，讓電腦執行程式計算答案 ── 這些公式就叫做演算法。

web.ntnu.edu.tw

Algorithm is a procedure for solving a mathematical problem in a finite number of steps that frequently involves repetition of an operation

broadly : a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem or accomplishing some end

The current term of choice for a problem-solving procedure, algorithm, is commonly used nowadays for the set of rules a machine (and especially a computer) follows to achieve a particular goal.

www.merriam-webster.com

Aimer – Atemonaku

When I was alone, there were countless stars at night.

If I close my eyes, stars are right there now.

I kept walking aimlessly. I kept walking even when I was tired.

I just want to stay praying forever.

ひとりきりだった夜も 数えきれない星々

今もずっと 目を瞑ってみればすぐそこに

あてもなく歩き続けた 疲れても歩き続けた

僕はずっと 祈りの中にいたいだけ

Full of scratches and mud

Stretch out your unreachable hand

Fragments of dreams and hopes that I want to grasp

Right now

傷だらけ 泥だらけ

届かない手を伸ばして

つかみたい夢や希望のかけら

今すぐ

Smile, smile, you don't have to be strong.

As long as she still has a kind smile, it is fine.

It's like blowing away all the thick cloud.

Your unique smile becomes strong.

Important words are now dancing in the sky.

笑っていて 笑っていて 強くなくていいんだよ

優しいままの その笑顔が 笑顔があればいいよ

曇り空も全部吹き飛ばすような

君だけの笑顔が 力に 強さになるんだ

大切な言葉が今 空を舞ってゆく

Protecting someone and having courage to fight for her.

There's more than just a particular shape and weight.

She believed in the warmth of our small fingers.

I just want to gently touch your heart.

だれかを守ることも たたかうための勇気も

形だって 重さだって ひとつじゃなくて

小さな指を繋いでた その温もりを信じてた

僕はそっと 心に触れていたいだけ

She stumbled and wandered.

Looking for a new path

The colorful fragments you want to discover.

Where is it?

つまずいて さまよって

新しい道探して

見つけたい色とりどりのかけら

どこかで

It's okay to smile, laugh, and stop.

The pain will go away after the tears dry.

It's like wrapping my frozen hands and melting them.

Genuine kindness becomes a bond and courage.

There's a voice echoing in our tied hearts.

笑っていて 笑っていて 立ち止まっていいんだよ

痛みは乾いた涙が 涙がつれて行くよ

凍えた手を包んで溶かすような

真っ直ぐな優しさが 絆に 勇気になるんだ

結んだ心にほら 声が響いてる

Smile, smile, you don't have to be strong.

All you need is to maintain a gentle smile.

Even if I fail, I don't feel pitiful.

When you get up, I am always right here to accompany with you.

It's like blowing away all the dense cloud.

Your unique smile becomes strong.

笑っていて 笑っていて 強くなくていいんだよ

優しいままの その笑顔が 笑顔があればいいよ

挫けたって 情けなくなんかないよ

立ち上がった時は いつでもいつでも そばにいるよ

曇り空も全部吹き飛ばすような

君だけの笑顔が 力に 強さになるんだ

There's a voice echoing in our tied hearts.

Important words are now dancing in the sky.

結んだ心にほら 声が響いてる

大切な言葉が今 空を舞ってゆく

鴉片貿易不是中英雙方的專利

約翰 ‧ 福貝斯 (John Murray Forbes) 來到廣州後，住進他舅舅普金斯洋行 (Perkins & Company) 所在的房子，即所謂的瑞典商館，與渣甸洋行隔了五間門面 (雖有瑞典之名，裡面住的全是美國人)。一如其他大部分商行，普金斯洋行以雙面人示人︰在廣州公開進行的檯面上貿易，以茶葉、生絲、棉花等合法商品為買賣品，在伶仃島進行的檯面下貿易，以鴉片為買賣品。

史蒂芬 ‧ 普拉特《帝國暮色》

Double-boiled soup

 【經濟日報】青紅蘿蔔豬骨湯都致肥？營養師解構湯水陷阱

煲湯過程中，水溶性維他命B及C、氨基酸及短鏈脂肪酸會溶於湯，令湯水有味道。飲湯可以補身，但只是飲湯不吃湯渣，原來攝取的營養極少。湯料內的碳水化合物、纖維及肉類的蛋白質，結構較大，難溶於湯水，大部分營養仍鎖於湯渣，若只飲湯等於浪費營養。

食湯渣亦要注意，例如豬骨湯內的紅蘿蔔、粟米或中藥材，吸收了骨髓的脂肪，多吃可能致肥。用骨類材料煲湯，即使撇走湯面的油脂，仍有許多油份存在湯中，同樣容易致肥。

許多人以為用大骨熬湯可令鈣質融入湯水，其實能溶於湯水的鈣質很少，反而骨頭內的脂肪會溶入湯水。

長時間烹調的老火湯，則會使肉類中嘌呤溶於湯水，再被轉化為尿酸積聚體內，痛風症等患者宜少飲。

Plastic Decomposition

聚丙烯是一種難以回收的塑料，在悉尼大學研究人員領導的一項新實驗中，兩種真菌菌株成功地生物降解了聚丙烯。

聚丙烯是一種常見的塑料，用於包裝、玩具、家具和時尚等多種產品，約佔世界塑料廢物的 28%，但其中只有 1% 被回收利用。

Polypropylene, a hard to recycle plastic, has successfully been biodegraded by two strains of fungi in a new experiment led by researchers at the University of Sydney.

It's a common plastic used for a wide variety of products from packaging and toys to furnishing and fashion, it accounts for roughly 28 percent of the world's plastic waste, but only 1 percent of it is recycled.

https://www.sydney.edu.au

被細屏吞沒的下一代

腦神經科學家證實，電子成癮正在「重新連結」人類大腦，降低注意力並使睡眠質量下降。 事實上，當成年人從現實世界中轉移到文本和推文中時，他們可以看到發生在自己身上的同樣事情。 「分心育兒」一詞的發明是為了描述那些幾乎無法再專注於自己的孩子的父母，當然還達不到每天強制戒掉幾個小時電子設備的程度。當學校本身越來越多地使用筆電和 iPad 作為學習工具時，家長有何能耐呢？ 小小的屏幕彷彿吞噬了整個世界。

Neuroscientists confirmed that electronic addiction was "rewiring" the human brain, depleting attention span and degrading the quality of sleep. In fact, as they withdrew from the physical world into their texts and their tweets, adults could see the same things happening to themselves. The term "distracted parenting" was invented to describe the parent who could barely focus on his or her children anymore, certainly not to the degree required to enforce a few hours of abstinence from devices a day. And what good could a parent do when the schools themselves increasingly use laptops and iPads as instruments of learning? The small screens seems to have swallowed the world.

Natural Causes by Barbara Ehrenreich

DSLR Beginner

18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 means that the lens has a lens speed of f/3.5 at the 18mm focal length, but a lens speed of f/5.6 at the 55mm focal length.

EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II is a standard zoom offering a 28.8-88mm equivalent focal length range.

Lens speed refers to the amount of light that travels through the lens while the shutter is open. This is controlled by the size of aperture. The faster a lens, the larger the maximum aperture in the diaphragm and the more light will hit the sensor at the same shutter speed.

Focal length is the distance between the point of convergence of your lens and the sensor or film recording the image. The focal length of your film or digital camera lens dictates how much of the scene your camera will be able to capture.

Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification, and vice versa.

Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp. Large apertures, which correlate to small f-stop numbers, produce a very shallow depth of field, and vice versa. Another important factor affecting depth of field is the distance between the camera and the subject. The shorter that distance, the smaller the depth of field.

蓋亞那

蓋亞那合作共和國，通稱蓋亞那，位於南美洲北部，是南美洲唯一以英語為官方語言的國家，也是大英國協成員國。東鄰蘇利南，南臨巴西，西鄰委內瑞拉，北鄰大西洋。

Guyana: country in northern South America on the Atlantic coast; a republic within the Commonwealth of Nations since 1970 capital Georgetown area 83,000 square miles (214,969 square kilometers)

Tree Fern

Trunk

Fronds

Pinna

Pinnule

害群之馬

【香港01】日本有溫泉旅館二月爆出醜聞，福岡一間縣著名老字號溫泉旅館，被揭嚴重違反規則，原應該每週換一次水，卻變成一年才換水兩次，含菌量嚴重超標。

綜合日媒二月二十四日報道，為於福岡縣筑紫野市，名叫「二日市溫泉・大丸別莊」的溫泉旅館，被發現嚴重違規。事緣二零二二年八月有前往溫泉住宿的旅客患上退伍軍人病，當局調查後，發現旅館有設施退伍軍人症菌量超標兩倍。

大丸別莊之後報告已按程序加以清潔改善，但縣政府在十一月再度檢查的時候，才發現情況變本加厲，在其中一個樣本驗出的退伍軍人桿菌量甚至超標三千七百倍。經進一步調查發現旅館清潔操作嚴重違規：原規定旅館必須最少每週換一次水，卻變成一年才換水兩次，其他清洗工作同樣馬虎，且最少自二零一九年開始已經開始這樣。

大丸別莊自江戶時代一八六五年起已開始營業，昭和天皇亦曾造訪，是當地頗為有名的溫泉旅館。事件引起業界關注，當地政府正考慮予以處分。

退伍軍人病由退伍軍人桿菌引起，主要病徵為發燒、咳嗽、及胃腸道症狀，但免疫力較低患者可能會出現肺炎、神經損傷，甚至死亡。病菌好發在受污染的水源，欠缺清潔和消毒的水池、浴缸、大型空調的冷卻塔等。

二零二三年三月一日

Nomenclature

What is ex in plant names?

The word ex is mainly used in circumstances in which there is an author (or authors) who only contributes the name of a taxon, while it is a different author (or authors) who actually validly publishes that name. In these cases, the author(s) who ascribed the name is separated from the publishing author(s) by ex.

https://www.degruyter.com

taxon: a scientifically classified group or entity : a taxonomic unit (such as a genus or order) of any rank

valid: well-grounded or justifiable : being at once relevant and meaningful

History of Kyoto

taro: a large-leaved tropical Asian plant (Colocasia esculenta) of the arum family grown throughout the tropics for its edible starchy corms and cormels and in temperate regions for ornament

envoy: a minister plenipotentiary accredited to a foreign government who ranks between an ambassador and a minister resident

plenipoteniary: a person and especially a diplomatic agent invested with full power to transact business

inauspicious: being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come

calamity: being or showing a sign of evil or calamity to come

wane: to decrease in size, extent, or degree

stultify: to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on

clan: family

belligerent: inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or combativeness

rival: one of two or more striving to reach or obtain something that only one can possess

claimant: a person who believes that he or she has a right to something (such as an amount of money); a person who claims something

regime: lawful control over the affairs of a political unit (as a nation)

feudalism: the system of political organization prevailing in Europe from the 9th to about the 15th centuries having as its basis the relation of lord to vassal with all land held in fee and as chief characteristics homage, the service of tenants under arms and in court, wardship, and forfeiture

assassination: murder by sudden or secret attack often for political reasons

usher: to point out the way for (someone) especially from a position in front

hostage: a person taken by force to secure the taker's demands

revolt: rebel

neo-: new

codify: systematize

outlaw: to make illegal

leery: feeling or showing a lack of trust in someone or something

indigenous: produced, growing, living, or occurring natively or naturally in a particular region or environment

accrued: accumulated over a period of time

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

The Heritage Hiker's Guide - Stanley

slaughter: killing of great numbers of human beings (as in battle or a massacre)

trench: ditch used for military defense often with the excavated dirt thrown up in front

excavate: to dig out and remove

metaphorical: symbolic, figurative

drown: to suffocate by submersion especially in water

armored: equipped or protected with armor

armor: defensive covering (as of metal) used in combat

cruiser: a large fast moderately armored and gunned warship

struck: (pt) strike

mine: an encased explosive that is placed in the ground or in water and set to explode when disturbed

perish: to cause to die

glazed: covered with or as if with a glassy film

priest: someone who is authorized to perform the sacred rites of a religion especially as a mediatory agent between humans and God (esp. an Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, or Roman Catholic clergyperson ranking below a bishop and above a deacon)

sacred: dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity

deity: the rank or essential nature of a god

deacon: subordinate officer in a Christian church

sedan: a portable often covered chair that is designed to carry one person and that is borne on poles by two people

porter: a person who carries burdens

presume: to expect or assume especially with confidence

mission: a ministry commissioned by a religious organization to propagate its faith or carry on humanitarian work

propagate: to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or greater area

humanitarian: a person promoting human welfare and social reform

benefactor: someone or something that provides help or an advantage

precarious: characterized by a lack of security or stability that threatens with danger

bandit: robber

Bolshevik: a member of the extremist wing of the Russian Social Democratic party that seized power in Russia by the Revolution of November 1917

morale: moral principles, teachings, or conduct

symphony: consonance of sounds

agreeable: pleasing to the mind or senses especially as according well with one's tastes or needs

accustomed: often used or practiced

ascetic: practicing strict self-denial as a measure of personal and especially spiritual discipline

archbishop: a bishop at the head of an ecclesiastical province or one of equivalent honorary rank

purgatory: a place or state of temporary suffering or misery

misery: a circumstance, thing, or place that causes suffering or discomfort

commandeer: to seize for military purposes

nun: a woman belonging to a religious order

Carmelite: a member of the Roman Catholic mendicant Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel founded in the 12th century

convent: a local community or house of a religious order or congregation

congregation: an assembly of persons

loot: to seize and carry away by force especially in war

firewood: wood used for fuel

refuge: shelter or protection from danger or distress

hospitality: the activity or business of providing services to guests in hotels, restaurants, bars, etc.

restore: to bring back to or put back into a former or original state

insignia: a badge of authority or honor

terrazzo: a mosaic flooring consisting of small pieces of marble or granite set in mortar and given a high polish

exile: to banish or expel from one's own country or home

penal: of, relating to, or involving punishment, penalties, or punitive institutions

flog: to beat with or as if with a rod or whip

law-abiding: obedient to the law

inmate: any of a group occupying a single place of residence (especially a person confined in a prison or hospital)

gallows: a frame usually of two upright posts and a transverse beam from which criminals are hanged

condemned: sentenced to death

unruly: not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed

miscreant: one who behaves criminally or viciously

vicious: dangerously aggressive

vessel: a watercraft bigger than a rowboat

rowboat: a small boat designed to be rowed

bungalow: a one-storied house with a low-pitched roof

fame: reputation

spacious: roomy

internment: the act of confining or the state of being confined

captive: taken and held as or as if a prisoner of war

deprivation: the state of being kept from possessing, enjoying, or using something : the state of being deprived

cram: jam

operative: a secret agent

Union Jack: the state flag of the United Kingdom consisting of the union of the British national ensign

ensign: a flag that is flown (as by a ship) as the symbol of nationality and that may also be flown with a distinctive badge added to its design

grave: a burial place

skirmish: a minor fight in war usually incidental to larger movements

ambush: to attack by surprise from a hidden place

rough-hewn: being in a rough, unsmoothed, or unfinished state :crudely formed

corps: an organized subdivision of the military establishment

fort: a fortified place occupied only by troops and surrounded with such works as a ditch, rampart, and parapet

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com

the Catcher in the Rye Ch.17

couch: an article of furniture for sitting or reclining

dopey: sluggish

Elkton Hills: preparatory school

raspy: irritable

beret: a visorless usually woolen cap with a tight headband and a soft full flat top

visor: a projecting front on a cap or headband for shading the eyes

headband: a band worn on or around the head

bunk: nonsense

horse around: to engage in horseplay

horseplay: rough or boisterous play

boisterous: noisily turbulent

seduce: attract

clinch: to hold fast or firmly

drunkard: one who is habitually drunk

witty: marked by or full of clever humor

butler: the chief male servant of a household who has charge of other employees, receives guests, directs the serving of meals, and performs various personal services

shove: to push or put in a rough, careless, or hasty manner

jerk: an annoyingly stupid or foolish person

blasé: apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of excessive indulgence or enjoyment

apathetic: having or showing little or no interest, concern, or emotion

indulgence: an extension of time for payment or performance granted as a favor

modest: neither bold nor self-assertive

bold: confident

assertive: disposed to or characterized by bold or confident statements and behavior

rave: to talk irrationally in or as if in delirium

flannel: a soft twilled wool or worsted fabric with a loose texture and a slightly napped surface

checkered: marked by alternating squares of different colors, shades, or materials

nauseating: causing nausea or especially disgust

slobber: to let saliva dribble from the mouth

Andover: town in northeastern Massachusetts

puke: vomit

snobby: being or characteristic of a person who has an offensive air of superiority and tends to ignore or disdain anyone regarded as inferior

darn: damn

rink: a smooth extent of ice marked off for curling or ice hockey

rubberneck: to look about or stare with exaggerated curiosity

brutal: cruel

Scotch: whiskey distilled in Scotland especially from malted barley

snotty: annoyingly or spitefully unpleasant

rear: the back part of something

clique: a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons

owe: be indebted in the sum of

oodles: a great quantity

newsreel: a short movie dealing with current events

almighty: having absolute power over all

Online Dictionary Used: https://www.merriam-webster.com