猶豫未決
音愈
施蟄存
音疾
木訥
音n栗
徜徉
音常陽
意︰安閒自在的四處走動
2019年12月31日星期二
有政治目的的新聞報導
下班疲憊，吃過夜宵，躺在沙發上休息，聽著母親必看的無線新聞，心裡起了莫名的怒火。雖則昨天累到聽到不詳細的內容，但已經分辨到 TVB 新聞的立場，專為警謊狡辯、成了政府的喉舌。雖則母親大人左耳入、右耳出，沒有太大影響，但其他長輩觀看得多，只會由藍變深藍，只會將有牌爛仔 (terrorist gang with licence) 成了他/她們心目中的英雄。無線新聞已經由自我審查機構進化成洗腦機器，新聞報導員集體離巢，事出有因。黃絲罷看，廣告撤資，公司裁員，新聞部要負上很大責任。政治目的凌駕一切，劇集、綜藝做得更好也會被拖累。NEWS 之前被無線新聞演繹成北、東、西、南，意指耳聽八方，新聞不可偏頗，現只餘媚共。
軍事真空期
Before the arrival of Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt, the Hong Kong and Kowloon Independent Brigade was the only military force in control in the territory. They took the opportunity to stage war crimes trials against local bandits and collaborators. It was a sign that the guerrillas were keen to show to the Japanese and to to the world that they were part of the Allied forces. British intelligence suggested that the East River Column's intention was to capture the entire territory of Hong Kong and use it as a base to repel the KMT forces in the area. Another possibility was that they wanted to hand over the city to the British, with consequent prestige and bargaining power.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年12月27日星期五
focal length and aperture
This standard zoom lens weighs 195g and has 3 stops of image stabilization. The minimum working distance on the wide-angle end is 15cm and the lens barrel finish has been improved.
OIS: Optical Image Stabilization
Housed within the barrel are the lens elements. These are the optical framework of the lens which focus and direct light entering the front of the lens into the camera. They are virtually always made from glass of varying quality.
digital-photography-school.com
The focal length of the lens is the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm). ... The longer the focal length (e.g. 55 mm), the smaller the angle and the larger the subject appears to be.
imaging.nikon.com
16–50mm is the focal length of the lens. At 16mm, the widest lens aperture will be F/3.5, while at 50mm the widest lens aperture will be F/5.6.
It means that when zoomed in (highest magnification), the maximum aperture is F/5.6, and when zoomed out (lowest magnification) the maximum aperture is F/3.5.
2019年12月24日星期二
Herpes simplex virus
HSV-1 is mainly transmitted by oral-to-oral contact to cause oral herpes (which can include symptoms known as “cold sores”), but can also cause genital herpes.
Both oral herpes infections and genital herpes infections are mostly asymptomatic but can cause mild symptoms or painful blisters or ulcers at the site of infection.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus
Both oral herpes infections and genital herpes infections are mostly asymptomatic but can cause mild symptoms or painful blisters or ulcers at the site of infection.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus
normal flora
Skin Flora
The varied environment of the skin results in locally dense or sparse populations, with Gram-positive organisms (e.g., staphylococci, micrococci, diphtheroids) usually predominating.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7617/
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria classified by the color they turn in the staining method...The staining method uses crystal violet dye, which is retained by the thick peptidoglycan cell wall found in gram-positive organisms. This gives gram-positive organisms a blue color when viewed under a microscope.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470553/
The varied environment of the skin results in locally dense or sparse populations, with Gram-positive organisms (e.g., staphylococci, micrococci, diphtheroids) usually predominating.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7617/
Gram-positive bacteria are bacteria classified by the color they turn in the staining method...The staining method uses crystal violet dye, which is retained by the thick peptidoglycan cell wall found in gram-positive organisms. This gives gram-positive organisms a blue color when viewed under a microscope.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470553/
2019年12月20日星期五
2019年12月17日星期二
Prebiotics
Prebiotics are a group of nutrients that are degraded by gut microbiota. Their relationship with human overall health has been an area of increasing interest in recent years. They can feed the intestinal microbiota, and their degradation products are short-chain fatty acids that are released into blood circulation, consequently, affecting not only the gastrointestinal tracts but also other distant organs.
Various types of microorganisms, known as gut microbiota, are inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that there are 1010–1012 live microorganisms per gram in the human colon. The resident microbial groups in the stomach, small, and large intestine are crucial for human health. The majority of these microorganisms, which are mostly anaerobes, live in the large intestine.
Human diet is the chief source of energy for their growth. Particularly, non-digestible carbohydrates can highly modify the composition and function of gut microbiota. Beneficial intestinal microbes ferment these non-digestible dietary substances called prebiotics and obtain their survival energy from degrading indigestible binds of prebiotics. As a result of this, prebiotics can selectively influence gut microbiota. On the other hand, the gut microbiota affects intestinal functions, such as metabolism and integrity of the intestine. Moreover, they can suppress pathogens in healthy individuals.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6463098/
Prebiotics are a type of fiber that the human body cannot digest. They serve as food for probiotics, which are tiny living microorganisms, including bacteria and yeast. Both prebiotics and probiotics may support helpful bacteria and other organisms in the gut.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323490.php
Various types of microorganisms, known as gut microbiota, are inhabitants of the human gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported that there are 1010–1012 live microorganisms per gram in the human colon. The resident microbial groups in the stomach, small, and large intestine are crucial for human health. The majority of these microorganisms, which are mostly anaerobes, live in the large intestine.
Human diet is the chief source of energy for their growth. Particularly, non-digestible carbohydrates can highly modify the composition and function of gut microbiota. Beneficial intestinal microbes ferment these non-digestible dietary substances called prebiotics and obtain their survival energy from degrading indigestible binds of prebiotics. As a result of this, prebiotics can selectively influence gut microbiota. On the other hand, the gut microbiota affects intestinal functions, such as metabolism and integrity of the intestine. Moreover, they can suppress pathogens in healthy individuals.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6463098/
Prebiotics are a type of fiber that the human body cannot digest. They serve as food for probiotics, which are tiny living microorganisms, including bacteria and yeast. Both prebiotics and probiotics may support helpful bacteria and other organisms in the gut.
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323490.php
Comparison
1/125 sec. f/9 23.2 mm
ISO 200
Film Simulation: Velvia/VIVID
Vibrant reproduction, ideal for landscape and nature
1/300 sec. f/8 21.1 mm
ISO 400
Landscape mode
Clear scenic shot
2019年12月10日星期二
Vitamin C vs Collagen Supplement
維生素 C 通常存在於柑桔類水果中，例如橙和檸檬。 維生素 C 是合成膠原蛋白所必需的，而膠原蛋白是我們皮膚結締組織的重要組成部分。 真皮位於表皮之下，由兩層結締組織組成，當中包含膠原蛋白、彈性蛋白和纖維組織母細胞。 纖維組織母細胞能夠製造細胞外基質和膠原蛋白，進而構成我們皮膚框架。
《紐約時報》報導：「補充劑吸收了多少，以及這些氨基酸是能夠為皮膚製造更多膠原蛋白的結構，尚有爭議。」
Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is commonly found in citrus fruit like orange and lemon. Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, which is an essential component of connective tissue in our skin. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and is composed of two layers of connective tissue that include collagen, elastin, fibroblasts. Fibroblasts synthesize extracellular matrix and collagen and produces the structural framework of our skin.
The New York Times reported, "How much of the supplement is absorbed and whether those amino acids make it to their target organs to act as the building blocks to make more collagen is still up for debate."
《紐約時報》報導：「補充劑吸收了多少，以及這些氨基酸是能夠為皮膚製造更多膠原蛋白的結構，尚有爭議。」
Vitamin C, ascorbic acid, is commonly found in citrus fruit like orange and lemon. Vitamin C is required for the synthesis of collagen, which is an essential component of connective tissue in our skin. The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and is composed of two layers of connective tissue that include collagen, elastin, fibroblasts. Fibroblasts synthesize extracellular matrix and collagen and produces the structural framework of our skin.
The New York Times reported, "How much of the supplement is absorbed and whether those amino acids make it to their target organs to act as the building blocks to make more collagen is still up for debate."
Manifesto of Guerrilla
Our Guangdong People's Anti-Japanese Guerrilla Corps (兵團) is the army of the young men in the East River Basin. Among us are members of patriotic parties and people belonging to no party; there are especially many patriotic returned overseas Chinese. We are all united irrespective of the party, rank and thoughts and faith, and we have the common objective of fighting the Japanese and reconstructing our nation. Since the formation of our Corps, we have been enthusiastically assisted by the enlightened patriots. For five years, we have been dealing blows (重擊) to the enemy and puppets (傀儡) in the region of Wai Tung Po (Huizhou, Dongguan and Bao'an). We have been reoccupying lost territories and have destroyed many puppet organizations. We restored the original conditions of the administration in the rural areas and have maintained order and peace in many localities. Education and production have been promoted by us, and we have done much relief work too. So far, we have been praised several times by the authorities of the War Zone. As soon as the Pacific War flared up, we marched towards Kowloon and Hong Kong immediately to disturb the enemy and to save the families of important Chinese officials from the clutches (控制) of the enemy. We have also saved people of the Allied Nations from the concentration camps of the enemy, Many cultural workers and well-known people have been saved by us too.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Free China
(Second Sino-Japanese War)
Areas of China not under the control of the invading Imperial Japanese Army
en.wikipedia.org
Areas of China not under the control of the invading Imperial Japanese Army
en.wikipedia.org
2019年12月9日星期一
2019年12月3日星期二
有種責任叫讀好歷史
香港，是一個沒有歷史感的城市！
香港人，「被教導」成為沒有歷史感的市民。「被教導」，是一個生硬而我不喜歡用的詞語，但事實卻非用這詞不可。為了證明上述的說法，必須說一點歷史根源。
香港的歷史，對英國人來說，是一種忌諱。——通常犯忌的都由於不光彩。舉例說明︰許地山在一九四一年三月，為《時報周刊》寫了一篇《香港史地探略》，該文第一部分是「香港割讓經過」，刊出的時候，就給香港政府檢查留問，整段抽起。如果嫌一九四一年距今太遠，不妨說說我唸中學的時代，也就是五十年代末期，中國歷史科，例不必讀鴉片戰爭。如果五十年代還嫌太遠，就說說現在吧！中學中國歷史，據說為了方便教與讀，分成甲乙丙組，丙組是近代部分。又據說許多教師認為丙組太繁太多，施教不易，學生也認為十分難記，應付考試吃力，通常「情願」不選考丙組。於是，香港中學生在十分情願狀態下，不唸中國近代史。巧妙的策略就在這裡，不是英國殖民地政府——教育政策不讓你們中國人不唸中國近代史，而是，你們自己「情願」不選修中國近代史——我看過中四學生因不必選讀「中史」而雀躍萬分，也見過中史老師力爭放棄丙組的激動神情。這樣，大家情願，十分好辦。香港人，在非常「合理」情況下，不唸中國近代史，當然也不必知道香港歷史了。
生活在「借來的地方」的人，不必問前因，就漸漸「被教導」成為沒有歷史感，只會拚命向前衝群體，這對於殖民地的統治者來說，實在是非常適意的事。而對於香港人，又好像長久以來，沒有甚麼不妥當。
既然，香港的由來，對英國人來說並不光彩，而香港人不知道歷史，不問根源，就更方便統治，沒有一本香港史，遂成了順理成章的事。香港發展的步伐快，香港人忘記前事也更易。遙遠的故事，我們不必追問了，試試去問問現在的中學生，甚麼是「五月風暴」、甚麼是「中文法定運動」、甚麼是「保釣運動」、甚麼是「反貪污、捉葛柏運動」……這一連串距今不遠的香港歷史，看看十來二十歲的香港人有甚麼反應，我們自當明白︰「香港是一個沒有歷史感的城市」的意義。
自五六月以來，這種「欠缺」忽然給人察覺了，年輕香港人於一夜之間，察覺了中國的存在、香港的存在，他們要追問，追問那些前塵往事，追問自己和那些事情的關係。這是一個大好時機——衝破這「沒有歷史感」的缺口，真是付出很大代價，我們必須珍惜！
以後的日子，怎樣保存歷史，怎樣讓青年一輩了解歷史、汲取歷史的教訓，怎樣評價歷史，都是非常急切而重要的課題。沒有歷史感的人，最大的特徵是三分鐘熱度。如果我們不掌握這難得的時機，循著已經衝開的缺口，不斷累積深化，日子流逝，一切有血有淚的教訓，一切今天驚心動魄的事跡，很快很快，就會變成一個個簡略而模糊的名詞，甚至，連名詞也不留下，對後一輩人來說，就像甚麼都沒發生過。
創造歷史是艱難的，保存公允的歷史是艱難的，了解認識歷史是艱難的，從歷史中汲取教訓而不重蹈覆轍是艱難的，一切舉步艱難，特別對於一個長久以來沒有歷史感的城市來說，我們必須付出更大代價——歷史告訴我們︰我們已別無選擇！
香港人，「被教導」成為沒有歷史感的市民。「被教導」，是一個生硬而我不喜歡用的詞語，但事實卻非用這詞不可。為了證明上述的說法，必須說一點歷史根源。
香港的歷史，對英國人來說，是一種忌諱。——通常犯忌的都由於不光彩。舉例說明︰許地山在一九四一年三月，為《時報周刊》寫了一篇《香港史地探略》，該文第一部分是「香港割讓經過」，刊出的時候，就給香港政府檢查留問，整段抽起。如果嫌一九四一年距今太遠，不妨說說我唸中學的時代，也就是五十年代末期，中國歷史科，例不必讀鴉片戰爭。如果五十年代還嫌太遠，就說說現在吧！中學中國歷史，據說為了方便教與讀，分成甲乙丙組，丙組是近代部分。又據說許多教師認為丙組太繁太多，施教不易，學生也認為十分難記，應付考試吃力，通常「情願」不選考丙組。於是，香港中學生在十分情願狀態下，不唸中國近代史。巧妙的策略就在這裡，不是英國殖民地政府——教育政策不讓你們中國人不唸中國近代史，而是，你們自己「情願」不選修中國近代史——我看過中四學生因不必選讀「中史」而雀躍萬分，也見過中史老師力爭放棄丙組的激動神情。這樣，大家情願，十分好辦。香港人，在非常「合理」情況下，不唸中國近代史，當然也不必知道香港歷史了。
生活在「借來的地方」的人，不必問前因，就漸漸「被教導」成為沒有歷史感，只會拚命向前衝群體，這對於殖民地的統治者來說，實在是非常適意的事。而對於香港人，又好像長久以來，沒有甚麼不妥當。
既然，香港的由來，對英國人來說並不光彩，而香港人不知道歷史，不問根源，就更方便統治，沒有一本香港史，遂成了順理成章的事。香港發展的步伐快，香港人忘記前事也更易。遙遠的故事，我們不必追問了，試試去問問現在的中學生，甚麼是「五月風暴」、甚麼是「中文法定運動」、甚麼是「保釣運動」、甚麼是「反貪污、捉葛柏運動」……這一連串距今不遠的香港歷史，看看十來二十歲的香港人有甚麼反應，我們自當明白︰「香港是一個沒有歷史感的城市」的意義。
自五六月以來，這種「欠缺」忽然給人察覺了，年輕香港人於一夜之間，察覺了中國的存在、香港的存在，他們要追問，追問那些前塵往事，追問自己和那些事情的關係。這是一個大好時機——衝破這「沒有歷史感」的缺口，真是付出很大代價，我們必須珍惜！
以後的日子，怎樣保存歷史，怎樣讓青年一輩了解歷史、汲取歷史的教訓，怎樣評價歷史，都是非常急切而重要的課題。沒有歷史感的人，最大的特徵是三分鐘熱度。如果我們不掌握這難得的時機，循著已經衝開的缺口，不斷累積深化，日子流逝，一切有血有淚的教訓，一切今天驚心動魄的事跡，很快很快，就會變成一個個簡略而模糊的名詞，甚至，連名詞也不留下，對後一輩人來說，就像甚麼都沒發生過。
創造歷史是艱難的，保存公允的歷史是艱難的，了解認識歷史是艱難的，從歷史中汲取教訓而不重蹈覆轍是艱難的，一切舉步艱難，特別對於一個長久以來沒有歷史感的城市來說，我們必須付出更大代價——歷史告訴我們︰我們已別無選擇！
明川
二零一九年八月
刊於HK01藝文
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