劉進圖在明報專訪時說:「我的左腿動了兩次手術，康復進度不如右腿，所以左腿是『壞腳』，右腿是『好腳』。上樓梯時，右腿先上，雙拐接着放上一級，然後雙手用一點力壓拐向下，帶動左腿上移，完成上一級樓梯，不斷重複這幾個動作，就把樓梯走完。下樓梯時，雙拐先下移一級，左腳隨之，最後是右腳。」
Up/down the stairs
Always step up with the stronger leg first;
and step down with the weaker leg first
The rule is: stronger up weaker down
If you use a walking stick, always place
the stick ahead of you for support
攙扶長者時，應支撐他的腋窩，切勿拉他的手臂
Support the person under the arm, don't pull them by the arm
將助行器放前一步距離
弱腳向前
好腳跟上
協助患者從仰臥至坐起︰
1) 提高患者雙膝
2) 將患者雙手交义放在胸前
3) 把手放在患者肩膀及盆骨，(移動上肢的時候，要同時承托長者的肩胛骨和上肢)，慢慢把患者轉身至側臥，其間護老者保持背部挺直
4) 把患者的小腿放下床沿
5) 把前臂穿過患者後頸，扶好患者頸部及肩膀 (按上背)，另一隻手扶著患者大腿 (盆骨)，護老者以丁字腳站立，紮馬，示意患者從一數到三後坐直，數到三時用力扶起患者肩膀，期間護老者保持腰背挺直
6) 留意患者坐起後有否不適
Bend up both knees
Turn the whole body on one's side
Bring both legs over the bed edge
Sit up (lever the person up by the shoulder, NOT
the neck)穿臂握法︰
1) 確保已鎖上輪椅鎖掣
2) 請患者交义雙手，護老者在他背後站穩
3) 前臂穿過患者腋下，右手握住患者左腕，左手握住患者右腕
4) 紮馬，示意患者從一數到三後要扶他坐直，數到三時用力提舉患者，其間護老者保持背部挺直
5) 確保患者坐好後才放手
The underarm grip:
Stand behind them, put both hands under their arms, and grip their forearms
肩胛抱法︰
面向長者，雙手穿過長者腋窩，抱著肩胛位置
The shoulder hug:
Put both hands under
their arms from the front, and hold them over their shoulder blades
坐至站︰
1) 坐近椅邊
2) 雙腳平放
3) 手按助行器
4) 上身向前傾
5) 用力站起
6) 護老者於長者較弱一側扶助
*輪椅至床︰
1) 長者健側靠近床，輪椅與床成一窄角度
2) 鎖上輪椅 (如輪椅可以拆除扶手和腳踏，拆除近床的一邊)
3) 長者坐近椅邊，身向前傾
4) 健側上肢按床，雙腳平放地下
5) 站起，轉身
(若長者體力較弱，護老者站在弱側，一手扶腋窩，另一手放在盆骨處，幫助轉身)
*輪椅至床 (一人協助)︰
1) 輪椅靠近床邊，鎖上輪椅
2) 協助長者將身體移前
3) 護老者屈膝，兩人雙膝緊靠
4) 用肩胛抱法，利用身體後傾
5) 協助長者站立，然後轉身
*輪椅至床 (二人協助)︰
1) 輪椅靠近床邊，鎖上輪椅
2) 協助長者將身體移前，護老者手肘扣著長腋窩
3) 長者屈膝，身體前傾，雙腿用力站起及轉身
4) 護老者保持腰部挺直，必要時可紮穩馬步
5) 雙人輔助時，要同時發力，i.e. 一二三後發力，還是數到三即發力
*提醒長者配合轉移的動作
Wheelchair -> chair
Position the chairs at an angle of 90
degrees
Encourage the individual being transferred
to assist as far as possible
Don't bend at your waist, straddle if
necessary
For two-person assistance, both must apply
leverage at the same time
Make sure the brakes of the wheelchair are
on before transfer (unless otherwise stated)
Wheelchairs with detachable armrest and footrest
allow easier transfer
The eight principles for lifting and transfer:
Remove accessories that might hinder lifting
Such as watch or jewellery
If he has an unhealed fracture, joint dislocation or severe pain, take extra care
Do not exert force on these areas
If any tube is attached, make sure it does not get detached
If there is a urine bag keep it in a proper position
Keep it below the bladder to avoid urine back-flow
Tidy up his clothes, socks and shoes
As for the environment, remove all obstacles in your way
Don't forget to lock the wheels of the wheelchair
Principle Two is to explain to the elder
It is also important to encourage the elder to take an active part in the transfer process
Because his participation will reduce the carer's load
Most importantly, this gives the elder a chance to use his body
Principle Three is correct posture
When lifting the elder keep your back straight
tighten up the abdomen and bend your knees
Principle Four is to hold firmly
The carer should support the elder with larger joints and stronger body parts
Principle Five is to stay close to the elder
Principle Six: Point one foot towards the destination and lift with the strength of lower limbs
Principle Seven is to give command by one carer
Should carers start the transfer motion after the counting of three? or at the count of three? Make sure you have clear understanding beforehand
Principle Eight : Use assistive devices
From supine lying to side lying
From side lying to sitting at the edge of bed
The following demonstration is about transferring a generally weak and mobility-impaired elder without any available assistive devices
Remove obstacles like beddings and shoes and push the wheelchair close to the bed
If the wheelchair has detachable arm rests and leg rests, remove one side of the armrest and leg rest which are closer to the elder then park the wheelchair properly
Brief the elder about the process so that she'll be ready and knows what the carer will do
If she can cooperate, guide her along or let her participate in the transfer with you
Next, help her to bend the knees
The carer can kneel on the bed with one knee to get extra support
It can reduce the load on your back
Put her arms in front of her chest
Make sure to support her shoulder blade when moving the upper limbs
If you only pull the upper limbs, you may injure the shoulders
Place one hand on the shoulder blade of the elder and the other hand on her hip bone to give firm support
Kneel with one knee on the bed
Keep your back straight
Shift your body backwards with your lower limb and turn the elder to lying on her side
Step two : Help the elder to transfer from lying on her side to sitting up at the edge of the bed
Bring her legs off the edge of the bed
The carer should keep the back straight and stand on wide base with knees slightly bent
Then get as close to the bed as possible
Reach and support the upper back of the elder by putting the arm under the neck of the elder However, do not lift the elder by putting your hand under her neck
The other arm should press against the outside of the hip bone hold her firmly
Pay attention to the direction of your feet
First, point one foot to the direction where the elder will sit
That means pointing your toes to the end of the bed
The other foot should be more or less at a right angle to form a letter T
Keep the back straight and lift the elder by propelling your lower limbs
Shift the carer's weight towards the end of the bed
Bend your knees to secure a firm stance
Exert force with the lower limbs while keeping one arm up and the other arm down
Lastly, check that the elder does not feel uncomfortable after sitting up
If the elder had a hip operation or has an artificial joint replacement
Place a pillow between the legs when transferring from lying supine to lying on her side
When lying on the side do not bend the hip joint more than 90 degrees and do not let the affected limb cross the midline between the legs
Source:
Elderly Health Service, Department of Health
香港老年學會 (Hong Kong Association of
Gerontology)
http://ageing.hku.hk
http://news.mingpao.com
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