Overview of STL

In C++’s Standard Template Library (STL), containers store data, iterators traverse it, algorithms process it, and functors customize operations.

In computer science, traversing means systematically visiting every element in a data structure (like an array, list, tree, or graph) to access, process, or use the data, often using loops or specific algorithms (Depth-First Search, Breadth-First Search) to move from one element to the next, ensuring each item is handled.

Overloading the parenthesis operator () in computer science, particularly in C++, allows an object of a class to be called or used as if it were a function. This is also referred to as creating a "functor" or "function object."

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