Template function

A template function in C++ is a way to write a single function that works with multiple data types, avoiding code duplication.

A template allows you to define a function once and use it with different data types (like int, double, char).

It uses the keyword template followed by a type parameter inside angle brackets (<>).

In C++, the placeholder inside a template is the type parameter that represents a generic type.
It’s declared inside angle brackets (<>) after the keyword template.

A bit is the smallest unit of data in computing.

It can only have two possible values:

- 0 (off/false)

- 1 (on/true)

1 byte = 8 bits

This means a byte can represent 256 different values (from 0 to 255).

template <typename T>

int size_in_bit(T a) {

    return sizeof(a) * 8;

}

- template <typename T>

Declares a template with a placeholder type T. This allows the function to accept any data type (int, double, char, etc.).

- sizeof(a)

Returns the size of the variable a in bytes.

- * 8

Since 1 byte = 8 bits, multiplying by 8 converts the size into bits.

- Return type int

The function returns the number of bits as an integer.

int: 32 bits

double: 64 bits

char: 8 bits

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