Eleven years ago, I was a year-two nursing student. At that period, I was keen on participating voluntary work. My friend was an occupational therapist. She invited me to help an elderly to visit a park in Diamond Hill. I brought him to have sightseeing with wheelchair. The weight of the elderly was heavy and the slopes in the park were steep. I moved the wheelchair slowly but an accident occurred. One of the front wheels of the wheelchair trapped into a drainage ditch. He fell on the floor. As I know, he did not hurt or did not have fracture. I saw his wife pat the limbs of the elderly. It would hurt him further if he really had fracture. Now, I feel ashamed because I posted the beautiful scenes of the park in Facebook at that night. I wonder why I didn't know this was a serious case as a year-two nursing student. If he had osteoporosis, the risk of bone fracture was even higher. A topic can also be debated. Is physical restraint necessary for the client using wheelchair? If a physical restraint is used, do we need to consider the feeling of the elderly. If a physical restraint is not used, the safety of the elderly in the wheelchair can be hindered.
Brown Betty: a baked pudding of apples, bread crumbs, and spices
horse around: fool around
wrestling: a sport or contest in which two unarmed individuals struggle hand to hand with each attempting to subdue or unbalance the other
lousy: miserably poor or inferior
galoshes: a high overshoe worn especially in snow and slush
ledge: a raised or projecting edge or molding intended to protect or check
shipwreck: the destruction or loss of a ship
hydrant: a discharge pipe with a valve and spout at which water may be drawn from a water main (as for fighting fires)
chuck: throw
pinball machine: an amusement device in which a ball propelled by a plunger scores points as it rolls down a slanting surface among pins and targets
comedy: a drama of light and amusing character and typically with a happy ending
hyena: any of several large strong nocturnal carnivorous Old World mammals (family Hyaenidae) that usually feed as scavengers
fiend: a person extremely devoted to a pursuit or study
boardwalk: a walk constructed of planking
plank: a heavy thick board
mitt: a baseball catcher's or first baseman's glove made in the style of a mitten
fielder: a defensive player stationed in the field (as in baseball)
Maine: state on the Atlantic coast in the northeastern U.S. and bordering on the Canadian provinces of Quebec and New Brunswick
tee off: to hit hard
hunch: an act or instance of pushing someone or something in a rough or careless manner
fence: a barrier intended to prevent escape or intrusion or to mark a boundary
fall off one's chair: to be extremely surprised
psychoanalyze: to treat by means of psychoanalysis
psychoanalysis: a method of analyzing psychic phenomena and treating emotional disorders that involves treatment sessions during which the patient is encouraged to talk freely about personal experiences and especially about early childhood and dreams
garage: a shelter or repair shop for automotive vehicles
station wagon: an automobile that has a passenger compartment which extends to the back of the vehicle, that has no trunk, that has one or more rear seats which can be folded down to make space for light cargo, and that has a tailgate or liftgate
typewriter: a machine for writing in characters similar to those produced by printer's type by means of keyboard-operated types striking a ribbon to transfer ink or carbon impressions onto the paper
snore: to breathe during sleep with a rough hoarse noise due to vibration of the soft palate
Research on the biology of NAD+ has been gaining momentum, providing many critical insights into the pathogenesis of age-associated functional decline and diseases.
Two intermediates of NAD+ biosynthesis, nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), effectively increase NAD+ concentration in a variety of tissues, in many cases with beneficial or therapeutic effects.
These two NAD+ intermediates have long been known and are found in a wide variety of our daily foods, such as vegetables, fruits, and meat.
There has been an increasing interest in using NAD+ intermediates as effective interventions to improve or even prevent certain aspects of age-associated functional decline.
Recent studies have suggested that NMN improves numerous neuronal functions in the brain. NMN administration improves cognition and memory in mouse and rat models of Alzheimer's disease.
In the vast majority of cases in which NMN and NR are effective, it still remains unclear what downstream mechanisms mediate their beneficial effects.
There might be a risk that boosting NAD+ could drive tumor growth.
Further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to establish the long-term safety of NMN and NR as human therapeutics.
