For loop in C++

A for loop in C++ is used to repeat a block of code a specific number of times. Here's the basic syntax:

for (initialization; condition; increment) {
    // Code to be executed
}

Here's a simple example that prints numbers from 1 to 5:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
    for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    return 0;
}

In this example:

Initialization: int i = 1 sets the starting point.

Condition: i <= 5 checks if the loop should continue.

Increment: i++ increases the value of i after each iteration.

Copilot for work

木建築的防火設計

    雖然傳統觀念認為木結構建築易受火災威脅，但現代防火技術使其既保有自然美感，又能確保高度安全。透過利用木材的天然炭化效應、採用耐火塗層與高性能木材產品、結合自動滅火系統與防火分區設計，以及嚴格遵守建築法規，木結構建築在面對火災時可有效延緩燃燒進程並控制火勢蔓延。

    木材在遇火時，表面會先進行炭化反應，形成一層炭化層。這層炭化層在一定程度上起到隔熱保護的作用，可以延緩火勢向內部蔓延。

Microsoft Copilot

Summarized by blogger

被理解的勇氣

    Seeking to understand requires consideration; seeking to be understood takes courage.

想要理解別人需要體貼，想要被別人理解就需要勇氣。

    Ethos: your personal credibility

    Pathos: emotional connection

    Logos: logical reasoning

magnificent: extremely attractive and impressive; deserving praise

embody: to include or contain something

credibility: the quality that somebody/something has that makes people believe or trust them

validity: the state of being logical and true

acquaintance: a person that you know but who is not a close friend

grandiose: seeming very impressive but too large, complicated, expensive, etc. to be practical or possible

rhetoric: (formal, often disapproving) speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincere

soapbox: a small temporary platform that somebody stands on to make a speech in a public place, usually outdoors

    When you can present your own ideas clearly, specifically, visually, and most important, contextually --- in the context of a deep understanding of other people's paradigms and concerns --- you significantly increase the credibility of your ideas.

如果你能清晰、具體、生動地表達自己的想法，並且以深入了解他人的思維方式和關注點為背景來說明，那麼你的觀點就會更有說服力。

deplete: to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left; to be reduced by a large amount

reverent: ​showing deep respect

discerning: able to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something

dividend: great advantages or profits

fester: to become much worse because you do not deal with them successfully

    Make the human element as important as the financial or the technical element. You save tremendous amounts of time, energy, and money when you tap into the human resources of a business at every level.

將人性化因素看得和財務或技術因素一樣重要。當你在企業各個層面充分利用人力資源時，就能節省大量時間、精力和金錢。

    When we really, deeply understand each other, we open the door to creative solutions and third alternatives. Our differences are no longer stumbling blocks to communication and progress. Instead, they become the stepping-stones to synergy.

當我們真正理解彼此時，就能開啟創意解決方案和第三個選擇的大門。我們的差異不再是溝通與進步的障礙，而變成了邁向協同增效的墊腳石。

stumbling block: something that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated and rewrote by Microsoft Copilot

Edited by blogger

滑手機對腦部的影響

青少年常見的類似上癮的社群媒體使用 (addiction-like social media use, ASMU) 現象，與憂鬱和其他健康問題密切相關。本研究旨在探討大腦處理正向社交回饋的發展軌跡 (developmental trajectories of neural social feedback) 是否與後期青少年較高的ASMU水平有關。研究中，103名學生在6至9年級期間參加了1至3次功能性磁振造影 (fMRI) 掃描，期間完成了一個社交激勵延遲任務 (social incentive delay task)；大約兩年後 (10至11年級) 他們又進行了關於ASMU和憂鬱症狀的自我報告評估。

研究重點在於考察：

ASMU對大腦對正面社交回饋反應 (positive social feedback) 的影響：特別是在青春期過程中觀察大腦反應的變化。

大腦反應的發展變化與ASMU和憂鬱症狀之間的關係：同時分析了性別之間可能存在的差異。

主要發現是，在青春期期間，下列腦區的反應性逐漸降低：

腹內側前額葉皮質(ventral media prefrontal cortex)

中前額葉皮質(medial prefrontal cortex)

後扣帶皮層(posterior cingulate cortex)

右下額回(right inferior frontal gyrus)

這種反應性下降與兩年後較高的ASMU症狀有關。進一步的分析表明，對於女青少年來說，這種大腦反應性下降不僅會增加ASMU症狀，還會與憂鬱症狀的增加有關；而男青少年則未見明顯聯繫。

研究總結為：在青春期前，大腦對正向社交回饋可能會表現出過度敏感，但隨著青春期的發展，這種反應逐漸減弱，這個過程可能會增加晚期青少年出現類似上癮的社群媒體使用問題的風險。

Translated, summarized and simplified by Microsoft Copilot

Abstract

Addiction-like social media use (ASMU) is widely reported among adolescents and is associated with depression and other negative health outcomes. We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of neural social feedback processing that are linked to higher levels of ASMU in later adolescence. Within a longitudinal design, 103 adolescents completed a social incentive delay task during 1–3 fMRI scans (6–9th grade), and a 4th self-report assessment of ASMU and depressive symptoms ∼2 years later (10–11th grade). We assessed ASMU effects on brain responsivity to positive social feedback across puberty and relationships between brain responsivity development, ASMU symptoms, and depressive symptoms while considering gender effects. Findings demonstrate decreasing responsivity, across puberty, in the ventral media prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus associated with higher ASMU symptoms over 2 years later. Significant moderated mediation models suggest that these pubertal decreases in brain responsivity are associated with increased ASMU symptoms which, among adolescent girls (but not boys), is in turn associated with increased depressive symptoms. Results suggest initial hyperresponsivity to positive social feedback, before puberty onset, and decreases in this response across development, may be risk factors for ASMU in later adolescence.

Flannery, J. (2024, February 9). Developmental changes in brain function linked with addiction-like social media use two years later | Social Cognitive and affective neuroscience | oxford academic. https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/19/1/nsae008/7604373

深度學習利用人工神經網路來處理資訊，模仿人類腦部的結構與功能。人工智能每分每秒都在成長進化，然而人類無時無刻都在滑手機，瀏覽社交媒體、觀看短片，浪費自身的腦部潛能。今天，在地下鐵車廂內，一位女生正在閱讀一本麥田出版的台版書。雖然我看不到書名，但她已經成為少眾。也許你會說在手機看網絡小說有什麼分別，有機會的話，我會跟您探討它們的分野，對腦部來說，有何分別。

等電池效能提升

一般來說，單反相機（DSLR）在電池持續能力上一般會優於無反相機，主要原因在於兩者在取景和顯示方式上的差異：

• 光學取景器 vs. 電子取景器/液晶屏 單反相機使用光學取景器，不需要持續耗電來顯示影像，而無反相機則通常依賴電子取景器（Electronic Viewfinder, EVF）或後方LCD屏進行取景，這就需要長時間持續供電，從而增加了電池消耗。

• 電池續航數據差異 根據各品牌及型號的測試（如CIPA標準測試）的數據：

  • DSLR：許多單反相機能夠提供約 800 到 1500 張左右的拍攝次數。例如，某些機型高達 1900 張左右。

  • 無反相機：很多無反機型的拍攝數大約在 300 到 600 張之間，雖然有些新型號會有所提升，但普遍仍低於同級別的單反。

• 使用情境的影響 實際使用時，若頻繁使用電子取景器、直播或錄影，無反相機的電池消耗會更快。而單反在使用傳統光學取景器時，電池壽命更長。此外，有些無反相機支援省電模式、休眠功能，但在需要實時預覽的情況下，耗電量仍難以和單反相比。

• 改進與補救 隨著技術進步，近年來無反相機的電池效能已有顯著改善，且可以透過使用電池手柄、攜帶備用電池等方式來彌補續航上的不足。

總結來說，如果你需要長時間外拍且不易充電，傳統單反可能會更有優勢；而如果你追求輕便、快速以及現代化的取景和對焦體驗，無反相機則能提供更多創新的功能，儘管在電池續航上相對較弱。

Microsoft Copilot

牙齒與牛奶

在牙齒因撞擊而脫落的情況下，將脫落的牙齒放在牛奶中確實是一個有用的急救措施。這個方法可以增加牙齒成功再植的機會，因為牛奶能夠維持牙根細胞的存活，保護牙周組織的完整性。

當牙齒意外脫落時，以下是建議的緊急處理步驟：

1. 保持冷靜，迅速行動：時間是關鍵，最好在30分鐘內尋求牙醫的協助。

2. 正確拿取牙齒：只觸碰牙冠部分（即牙齒露出在口腔中的部分），避免觸碰牙根，以免損傷牙周膜細胞。

3. 輕柔清潔：如果牙齒髒了，可以用乾淨的冷水輕輕沖洗，不要使用肥皂、刷子或任何化學清潔劑。切忌擦拭或刮除牙根部的組織。

4. 嘗試重新植入：如果可能，輕輕將牙齒放回原來的牙槽中，確保方向正確。用手指輕輕按壓，或者咬住乾淨的紗布或手帕固定。但如果感到疼痛或無法正確放置，不要勉強。

5. 保持牙齒濕潤：如果無法重新植入，將牙齒放入牛奶中保存。牛奶的酸鹼度和滲透壓適中，能為牙根細胞提供必要的養分，維持其活性。切勿將牙齒浸泡在自來水中，因為水中的氯和不適當的滲透壓會損害牙根細胞。

6. 立即就醫：儘快前往牙醫診所或急診室，告知他們你攜帶著脫落的牙齒，需要緊急處理。

為什麼選擇牛奶？

牛奶被視為一種理想的臨時保存介質，因為：

• 生理相容性：牛奶的滲透壓和酸鹼度接近體液，能維持牙周膜細胞的活性。

• 營養供給：牛奶中含有蛋白質和其他營養物質，有助於細胞存活。

• 便利性：牛奶通常在家中或附近容易取得。

如果沒有牛奶，也可以使用生理鹽水。如果以上都不具備，將牙齒放在自己的口腔內，靠近面頰的地方，以唾液保持濕潤也是一種選擇。但需注意，這對於年幼的孩子或有噎食風險的人並不適合。

時間至關重要

牙齒脫落後，成功再植的機會隨時間迅速下降。在一小時內就醫，牙齒再植的成功率最高。因此，迅速採取行動非常重要。

額外提示

• 避免自行處理：不要使用任何家庭偏方或延誤治療。

• 保護其他部位：如果嘴唇或牙齦也受傷，應該用乾淨的紗布輕壓止血。

這些措施主要適用於恆牙的脫落。對於乳牙，通常不建議重新植入，因為這可能影響恆牙的正常生長。

Microsoft Copilot

孫行者與哪吒

    在孫悟空大鬧天宮的情節中，哪吒奉玉帝之命，前去捉拿孫悟空。兩人都是具有非凡法力的英雄，戰鬥場面可以說是異常激烈。他們各自施展神通，哪吒使出了三頭六臂，手持火尖槍、乾坤圈等法寶；孫悟空則運用如意金箍棒和七十二變，與之對抗。最終，哪吒雖然英勇，但難以戰勝孫悟空，只得回天復命。

    他們的相遇不僅是力量的對決，更代表了不同價值的衝突。哪吒代表天庭的秩序和權威，而孫悟空則象徵著對自由和獨立的追求。這種對立讓故事更加深刻，也引發了讀者對權威與反叛、規則與自由的思考。

    值得一提的是，哪吒和孫悟空都有著桀騁不馴的性格和叛逆的經驗。哪吒曾經為救百姓而與龍王作對，甚至削肉還父、削骨還母，表達了對命運的不屈服；孫悟空更是從石猴一路成長，挑戰權威，追求長生不老。他們的故事都傳達了強烈的個人意志和對自我價值的認同。

    在一些後來的文學作品、影視劇和遊戲中，哪吒和孫悟空也常常被放在一起，被描繪成亦敵亦友的關係。他們的互動豐富了中國神話宇宙的世界觀，讓人們對這些經典角色有了更多的想像空間。

Microsoft Copilot

Null terminator in C++

In C++, a null terminator is a special character used to signify the end of a string. It is represented by the character '\0' (also known as the null character). When a string is stored in memory, the null terminator is added at the end to indicate where the string terminates. This is particularly important for functions that process strings, as they rely on the null terminator to know when to stop reading the string.

Here’s an example to illustrate:

#include <iostream>

#include <cstring>

int main() {

    char str[] = "Hello, world!";

    std::cout << "Length of the string: " << strlen(str) << std::endl; // Output: 13

    // Manually adding a null terminator

    char customStr[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

    std::cout << "Custom string: " << customStr << std::endl; // Output: Hello

    std::cout << "Length of the custom string: " << strlen(customStr) << std::endl; // Output: 5

    return 0;

}

In this example:

The string "Hello, world!" is automatically null-terminated by the compiler.

The array customStr is manually null-terminated by adding the character '\0' at the end.

The strlen function is used to calculate the length of the string up to, but not including, the null terminator.

Microsoft Copilot

auto in C++

In C++, the auto keyword is used for type inference, meaning the compiler will automatically deduce the type of the variable from its initializer. When you use auto* p, it declares a pointer p with the type inferred from the initializer. Here's an example:

#include <iostream>

int main() {

    int x = 42;

    auto* p = &x;  // p is deduced to be an int*

    std::cout << "Value of x: " << x << std::endl;  // Output: 42

    std::cout << "Value of p: " << *p << std::endl; // Output: 42

    return 0;

}

In this example:

int x = 42; initializes an integer variable x.

auto* p = &x; declares a pointer p and initializes it with the address of x. The type of p is deduced to be int*.

Using auto can make your code cleaner and easier to read by removing the need to explicitly state the type, especially in cases where the type is complex or verbose.

Microsoft Copilot

deduce: to form an opinion about something based on the information or evidence that is available

explicitly: clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy to understand

verbose: using or containing more words than are needed

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

視野的差異

    As you learn to listen deeply to other people, you will discover tremendous differences in perception. You will also begin to appreciate the impact that these differences can have as people try to work together in interdependent situations.

    當你學會深入地傾聽他人時，你會發現人們對事物的感知有巨大的差異。你也會開始體會到，當人們在互相依賴的情況下嘗試合作時，這些差異會帶來怎樣的影響。

perception: (formal) an idea, a belief or an image you have as a result of how you see or understand something

transcend: to be or go beyond the usual limits of something

overwhelm: DJ[͵əuvəˋhwelm]

astounded: very surprised or shocked by something, because it seems very unlikely

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

深入傾聽的重要性：真正的傾聽不是簡單地聽到別人的話，而是理解他們的想法、情感和背後的原因。就像打開了一本新書，你發現了全新的故事和視野。

感知的巨大差異：每個人都有獨特的經驗、價值觀和信念，這些塑造了他們看待世界的方式。正因為如此，我們對同一件事物可能會有完全不同的看法。

這些差異的影響:

• 合作中的挑戰：在需要合作的環境中，感知的差異可能會導致誤解和衝突。如果不加以理解，團隊可能會陷入混亂。
• 創造力的來源：同時，這些差異也為創新和創意提供了豐富的土壤。不同的觀點碰撞在一起，往往能產生意想不到的成果。

相互依賴中的合作：現代社會中，沒有人是孤島。我們的行動和決定都會影響他人。理解並尊重彼此的差異，能夠建立更強大的合作關係，實現共同的目標。

延伸思考：

試著把人與人的交往想像成一幅拼圖，每個人手中都握著獨一無二的碎片。只有當我們願意傾聽、交流，才能將這些碎片拼合成完整的圖像。或許，你會發現，透過理解他人的視角，你不僅拓寬了自己的眼界，也為共同的事業增添了無盡的可能性。

Explained by Microsoft Copilot

籃球博彩

問︰香港政府一向鼓勵市民不要沉迷賭博，但為了應付財政赤字，政府考慮推出籃球博彩，試評論對香港青年的影響。

答︰政府一向倡導遠離賭博，但如今為了填補財政赤字，考慮推出籃球博彩，這確實引人深思。對於香港青年而言，這樣的政策可能帶來深遠的影響。

    籃球在年輕人中頗具人氣，將其與博彩結合，無疑增加賭博的吸引力。年輕人好奇心強，容易受同儕影響，籃球博彩的出現，可能使他們更容易接觸並沉迷於賭博活動。這不僅影響他們的財務狀況，還可能對心理健康造成負面影響。

    此外，賭博習慣的養成可能導致一系列社會問題。年輕人缺乏理財經驗，一旦陷入賭博泥潭，可能出現債務問題，進而影響家庭和社會和諧。

    然而，從另一個角度看，如果政府能夠制定嚴格的監管措施，加強對未成年人的保護，並透過教育提高年輕人對賭博風險的認識，或許可以減少負面影響。同時，博彩收入也可用於提升公共服務，為社會帶來益處。

    這樣的政策轉變，突顯財政壓力與社會責任之間的矛盾。政府需要憤重考慮，權衡利弊，確保在解決財政問題的同時，不會損害年輕一代的未來。

Microsoft Copilot

Summarized and edited

椛島光與人工智能的舊聞

    日本出版社集英社2023年趁人工智能熱潮創造虛擬模特兒五月愛，還幫她出寫真集，其臉蛋呆萌可愛，但被指極似女星淺倉唯（現改名為椛島光）而捱轟。這個事件在日本引起了廣泛關注，引發了公眾和業界的爭議。集英社其後宣布寫真集停售，承認對圍繞生成式 AI 的各種問題考慮不周。

    許多人認為，這種做法涉及肖像權和版權等法律問題，尤其是在未經本人同意的情況下，利用AI技術生成與真實藝人高度相似的形象。集英社表示，將更加慎重地對待AI技術的應用，避免類似問題再次發生。

沖廁效應?

    It's fascinating how our planet's spin choreographs the dance of cyclones. In the Southern Hemisphere, cyclones rotate clockwise, while in the Northern Hemisphere, they spin counterclockwise. This isn't a quirky fact---it's all due to the Coriolis effect, a result of Earth's rotation influencing the motion of air and water.

    Imagine standing on a spinning merry-go-round and tossing a ball straight ahead. To someone watching from the ground, the ball's path curves. Similarly, as air moves across Earth's surface, the planet's rotation causes it to deflect, setting cyclones spinning in different directions depending on the hemisphere.

    The Coriolis effect also shapes ocean currents, influencing climate patterns worldwide. It's like Earth's subtle nudge, guiding winds and waters in a grand, interconnected system.

    我們星球的自轉如何編排氣旋的舞蹈，真是令人著迷。在南半球，氣旋順時針旋轉，而在北半球，它們則以逆時針方向旋轉。這並非一個奇特的事實——這一切都歸因於科氏效應，這是地球自轉對空氣和水的運動產生影響的結果。

    想像一下，你站在一個旋轉的旋轉木馬上，向前方拋出一個球。對於從地面上觀看的人來說，球的路徑會呈現彎曲的軌跡。同樣地，當空氣在地球表面移動時，地球的自轉使其偏轉，使得氣旋根據所在的半球以不同的方向旋轉。

    科氏效應也塑造了洋流，影響著全球的氣候模式。就像地球輕輕的推動，在宏大而相互關聯的系統中引導著風和水。

Microsoft Copilot

Summarized

問︰沖廁都受科氏效應影響？

    哈哈，這是一個很有趣的問題！其實，關於馬桶沖水時水的旋轉方向是否受到科氏效應的影響，常常被誤解。

    科氏效應確實對大型現像如氣旋和洋流有顯著影響，因為地球自轉會改變大規模流動的空氣和水的移動方向。然而，在如馬桶沖水的小尺度上，科氏效應的作用微乎其微。導致水旋轉的主要因素是馬桶的設計、進水口的位置和水流的方向。

    所以，無論你在北半球還是南半球，馬桶沖水的旋轉方向都取決於水流的力量和路徑，而不是地球的自轉。這個誤解之所以廣泛流傳，可能是因為人們對科氏效應的神奇作用感到好奇。

「金」屬疲勞

    金屬疲勞是指金屬材料在經歷反覆的機械應力或負荷後，內部逐漸產生微小裂縫，最終導致結構失效的現象。黃金具有優良的延展性，但硬度相對較低。在純度較高的情況下，黃金是相對柔軟的金屬。

    由於黃金的延展性，它在受力時傾向塑性變形，而不是產生脆性裂紋。因此，在一般情況下，黃金不太容易出現金屬疲勞。可是，當黃金被製成合金，並應用於需要承受反覆負荷的部件時，金屬疲勞仍會發生。

Copilot

《與成功有約》 24.02.2025

    We evaluate---we either agree or disagree; we probe---we ask questions from our own frame of reference; we advise---we give counsel based on our own experience; or we interpret---we try to figure people out, to explain their motives, their behavior, based on our own motives and behavior.

sentiment: a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions

motel: a hotel for people who are travelling by car

underbelly: the weakest part of something that is most easily attacked

stomp: to walk, dance, or move with heavy steps

set-up: a way of organizing something; a system

parenthetically: as extra information in a speech or piece of writing

trudge: to walk slowly or with heavy steps, because you are tired or carrying something heavy

spit it out: to say what is in the mind without further delay

justify: to show that somebody/something is right or reasonable

beat around the bush: to talk about something for a long time without coming to the main point

credibility: the quality that somebody/something has that makes people believe or trust them

moron: ​(informal) a rude way to refer to somebody that you think is very stupid

dumb: (especially North American English, informal) stupid

authentically: in a way that is true and accurate

    When you listen with empathy to another person, you give that person psychological air. And after that vital need is met, you can then focus on influencing and problem solving...As you authentically seek to understand, as you rephrase content and reflect feeling, you give him psychological air.

    當你以同理心傾聽他人，真誠地尋求理解，重新表達內容並反映情感，你給了那個人心理上的空氣。滿足了這個重要的需求後，你就可以專注於影響和解決問題。

flunk: to fail an exam, a test or a course

unravel: if you unravel threads that are twisted, woven or knitted, or if they unravel, they become separated

desperately: extremely, especially when talking about bad situations

ridicule: to make somebody/something look silly by laughing at them or it in an unkind way

hypocrisy: behavior that does not meet the moral standards or match the opinions that somebody claims to have

guile: ​the use of clever but dishonest behavior in order to trick people

literally: exactly

stunned: very surprised or shocked

transcend: to be or go beyond the usual limits of something

resent: to feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel it is unfair

affirm: to state clearly that something is true

frantic: done quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized

discerning: able to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

www.merriam-webster.com

Translated with the help of Copilot and edited

C++ course

Arrays in C++ are a fundamental data structure used to store a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. They are useful when you need to work with a collection of data, such as numbers, characters, or objects.

int array[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

array[]: This is the name of the array. The empty square brackets [] indicate that the size of the array will be determined by the number of elements provided in the initializer list.

{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }: This is the initializer list, which provides the initial values for the elements of the array.

So, int array[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; declares an integer array named array and initializes it with the values 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The size of the array is automatically determined based on the number of elements in the initializer list, which in this case is 5.

The expression ++i is known as the prefix increment operator in C++. It increments the value of the variable i by one before it is used in any further operations. This means that the value of i will be increased first, and then the incremented value will be used in the expression.

This is in contrast to the postfix increment operator (i++), where the original value of the variable is used in the expression first, and then the variable is incremented.

A do-while loop in C++ is a control flow statement that executes a block of code at least once and then repeatedly executes the block as long as a specified condition is true.

Microsoft Copilot

C++ and GitHub Copilot

Q: The terminal output is the same after editing the C++ program, is it necessary to use g++ in order to generate new output?

A: Yes, when you edit your C++ program and want to see the changes reflected in the terminal output, you need to recompile your code using g++.

Step 1: Edit your code

Step 2: Save your changes

Step 3: Recompile your code: Use the g++ compiler to recompile your program. You can do this by running a command like:

g++ -o output_file your_program.cpp

Step 4: Run the program

Q: The GitHub Copilot recommends using g++ -std=c++20 -o your_program your_program.cpp which is different from the step 3 above.

A: -std=c++20: This flag specifies that the compiler should use the C++20 standard. If your code utilizes features specific to C++20, this is necessary.

Both commands will compile your C++ program, but the Copilot recommendation is more specific, ensuring compatibility with the C++20 standard and clearly naming the output file.

So, using the following command can provide more consistency and clarity in your workflow.

GMW-B5000MB-1

Basic Information:

• Case size: 49.3 × 43.2 × 13 mm

• Weight: 167 g

• Case and bezel material: Stainless steel

• Band: Stainless steel band with a one-touch 3-fold clasp

• Construction: Shock resistant

• Water resistance: 200-meter water resistance

Time Adjustment:

• Radio-controlled watch; Multi band 6

Power Supply and Battery Life:

• Tough Solar (Solar powered)

• Approx. battery operating time: 10 months on rechargeable battery (normal use without exposure to light after charge), 22 months on rechargeable battery (stored in total darkness with the power save function on after full charge)

Smartphone Link/App Connectivity Features:

• Mobile link (Wireless linking using Bluetooth®)

• Apps: CASIO WATCHES

Exterior:

• Glass: Mineral glass

• Back plate: Screw lock back

• Surface treatment: Black ion plated bezel and band

Watch Features:

• World time: 39 time zones (39 cities + coordinated universal time), daylight saving on/off, Home city/World time city swapping, auto summer time (DST) switching

• Stopwatch: 1/100-second stopwatch

• Timer: Countdown timer

• Alarm/hourly time signal: 5 daily alarms (with 1 snooze alarm), hourly time signal

• Light: LED backlight (Super illuminator), full auto LED light, selectable illumination duration (2 seconds or 4 seconds), afterglow

• Calendar: Full auto-calendar (to year 2099)

• Mute feature: Button operation tone on/off

• Energy saving feature: Power Saving (display goes blank to save power when the watch is left in the dark)

• Battery display/alert: Low battery alert

The Casio G-Shock GMW-B5000MB-1 was released in March 2021 and was manufactured in Japan.

音樂節目

    小時候，我不明白電視台為什麼會製作這麼多音樂節目。當自己成為青年後，深深感受到人生不如意事十常八九，音樂能夠填補那種空虛寂寞。回顧自己年青時所聽的廣東音樂，其實有很多是粗製濫造，尤其作詞方面。那些悲情歌直接影響到自己的情緒。當然，我所聽的音樂都算多元化，中學時期都有聽外國的流行雜錦碟、英文經典情歌和個別的日文歌曲。

    就算有伴侶、枕邊人，人都未必會感到幸福。沒有男女朋友，也不一定會孤單。美好的音樂是一門藝術，能帶給我們精神快樂。現時，我很少看本地音樂節目。粵語有九個聲調，較難作詞，試問香港有多少個如黃霑的鬼才。外國的音樂製作資源豐富，日本的音樂製作尤其認真，台灣音樂的填詞亦很細膩。沒有比較，沒有傷害，衷心希望香港的音樂人能急起直追。

中大二號橋

    中大二號橋事件，是二零一九年香港反修例運動期間發生在香港中文大學的重要事件。

    那年十一月，香港的社會情勢日趨緊張。十一月十一日，學生與警方在中大二號橋附近發生了激烈的衝突。二號橋位於校園的邊緣，連結大學與外界，是個戰略要地。學生們在此設立路障，試圖阻止警方進入校園，而警方則希望清除障礙，恢復交通。這導致長時間的對峙，雙方分別使用了汽油彈和催淚彈。

    衝突持續數日，不僅影響校園的正常教學和生活，也引起全港廣泛關注。許多人對警方進入校園執法提出質疑，認為這侵犯了大學的自治權。而學生們的激進行為，亦引起社會對抗議方式的討論。

    這事件突顯當時香港社會的深層矛盾、年輕一代的焦慮與訴求。它不僅是校園事件，更是整個社會動盪的縮影。

Information from Microsoft Copilot and edited

    我從未就讀中大，但中大是我感情最深的一所大學，那些老樹和動物讓整個校園被一種平靜的光包圍著，那種氛圍包納了我，同時也包覆了那些學生。我在那裡兼課的日子，比我唸大學的時期更長。我喜歡那些學生，我每年都期待到那裡上課。他們純善如羊。他們總是認真而且誠實，他們信任學習和人。寫作課會透視人們的本質。我一直以為他們純善如羊，卻不知道他們在捍衛一些非常重要的價值時，也會兇猛如面對獅子時要保護幼鹿的母親。

韓麗珠《黑日》

二零二零年一月

CPP

The equal-to operator (==) returns true if both operands have the same value; otherwise false.

The not-equal-to operator (!=) returns true if the operands don't have the same value; otherwise false.

operand: the number on which an operation is to be done

A Boolean expression returns a boolean value, which is either 1 (true) or 0 (false). This is useful for building logic and finding answers.

We use the ternary operator in C to run one code when the condition is true and another code when the condition is false. For example, (age >= 18) ? printf("Can Vote") : printf("Cannot Vote");

Interpersonal Relationship

manifest: to show something clearly, especially a feeling, an attitude or a quality

officious: too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders

briskly: quickly

exclaim: ​to say something suddenly and loudly, especially because of strong emotion or pain

amateur: doing something for pleasure or interest, not as a job

precedent: an official action or decision that has happened in the past and that is seen as an example or a rule to be followed in a similar situation later

    Seek first to understand is a correct principle evident in all areas of life. It is a generic, common denominator principle, but it has its greatest power in the area of interpersonal relations.

    在生活中的每個領域，我們都應該先努力去理解他人。這是一個普遍適用的原則，在處理人際關係時，至關重要。

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated with Copilot and edited

Abandoned Area

    兒時玩 SimCity，不理解為什麼會有這麼多 abandoned buildings. 人大了才明白舊區重建一點也不簡單。

    香港舊區重建是一個充滿挑戰的議題。首先，土地供應緊張是一大難題。香港地少人多，要在有限空間進行重建，非常困難，如何在不影響現有居民生活的同時，提升區域的發展潛力，一點也不容易。

    居民的安置也非常棘手。許多舊區的居民已經在當地生活了幾十年，他們對地區有深厚的感情和依賴。強制性搬遷會引發社會矛盾。因此，在重建過程中，保障居民權益，讓他們感受到被尊重，尤其重要。

    歷史文化的保育是不可忽略。一些舊區擁有獨特的歷史建築和人文風貌，是城市記憶的一部分。若不加以保護就拆除，會讓城市失去特色。如何在發展與保育取得平衡，值得深思。

    經濟因素是一項重點。舊區重建需要大量資金，開發商和市建局需要考慮投資回報。如果市場前景不明朗，會影響重建項目的推進速度。

    法律和行政程序的複雜性增加重建的難度。從土地收購、規劃申請、環評報告，到最後的施工許可，每一個環節都需要時間和資源。

    面對上述的困難，我們可否尋求一些創新的解決方案？例如，引入公私合作模式，加強社區參與，讓市民成為重建的一份子，而不是處於被動。或者，利用現代技術，進行舊建築的活化再利用，在保留歷史的同時實現功能的升級。

Microsoft Copilot

Summarized and edited

雪糕和冰淇淋

雪糕和冰淇淋現時在中國大陸日常用語的區別

    冰淇淋通常指用奶油、牛奶、糖等製作的軟質冷凍甜點，口感細膩，風味豐富。它可能裝在甜筒裡，也可能盛在杯子中，用湯匙品嚐，多為西式風格。

    而雪糕更指硬質的冷凍甜點，通常是插著木棍的棒狀冰，可以直接拿在手上吃。例如，外層包裹著朱古力的雲尼拿脆皮，人們往往稱之為雪糕。這個詞彙在南方地區使用較為普遍，受粵語影響，在廣東、香港等地，「雪糕」是對所有冰凍甜點的統稱。

Think Deeper Mode of Microsoft Copilot

Summarized and edited

共感式傾聽

intent: intention

autobiography: the story of a person’s life, written by that person

rightness: the quality of being morally good or acceptable

monologue: a long speech by one person during a conversation that stops other people from speaking or expressing an opinion

chatter: continuous rapid talk about things that are not important

mimic: to copy the way somebody speaks, moves, behaves, etc.

    Empathy is not sympathy. Sympathy is a form of agreement, a form of judgment. And it is sometimes the more appropriate emotion and response. But people often feed on sympathy. It makes them dependent. The essence of empathic listening is not that you agree with someone; it's that you fully, deeply understand that person, emotionally as well as intellectually.

    同理心不是同情心。同情是一種認同，一種判斷。有時候，同情是更適當的情感和回應。但人們常常依賴同情，這使他們變得依賴。共感式傾聽的精髓不在於你同意某人；而在於你在情感上和思想上完全、深入地理解那個人。

intuit: to know that something is true based on your feelings rather than on facts, what somebody tells you, etc.

intimidate: to frighten or threaten somebody so that they will do what you want

condescending: behaving as though you are more important and more intelligent than other people

attorney: a lawyer, especially one who can act for somebody in court

momentum: the ability to keep increasing or developing

dumbfounded: unable to speak because of surprise

deplete: to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left; to be reduced by a large amount

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated by Copilot

Orange Moon

 Canon EOS 1500D

Shutter Priority Mode

1/60 sec

ISO 800

f/5.6

溝通的基礎

authentic: known to be real and what somebody claims it is and not a copy

evident: clear; easily seen

instinct: a natural quality that makes people and animals tend to behave in a particular way using the knowledge and abilities that they were born with rather than thought or training

caustic: critical in a bitter or sarcastic way

sarcasm: a way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them

square with: to make two ideas, facts or situations agree or combine well with each other; to agree or be consistent with another idea, fact or situation

pertain to: to be connected with something/somebody

desperately: in a way that shows you have little hope and are ready to do anything without worrying about danger to yourself or others

    If you want to be really effective in the habit of interpersonal communication, you cannot do it with technique alone. You have to build the skills of empathic listening on a base of character that inspires openness and trust.

    真正有效的溝通源自於我們內在的品格和真實的關心。當我們以真誠的態度傾聽他人，理解他們的感受和觀點，就能建立更深層的連結。

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated by Copilot

卡路里

問︰營養師時常計算食物的熱量，建議我們要做多少運動才能抵消。腸道內有不少益菌、壞菌，它們都會吸收並消耗腸道內營養素，如葡萄糖，這一些損失，又有沒有計算在內？

關於腸道內的菌群對營養素的消耗，這是一個非常有趣且複雜的領域。腸道內數以兆計的微生物確實會參與我們的代謝過程。它們可以發酵未被消化的碳水化合物，產生短鏈脂肪酸，甚至影響我們的能量平衡。然而，這種影響因人而異，難以量化。目前的熱量計算模型主要基於宏觀營養素的含量，尚未能精確地將微生物代謝納入其中。

想像一下，人體就像一個繁忙的城市。食物是能源，消化系統是交通網絡，而腸道菌群則是隱藏在城市中的小居民。他們的活動會影響城市的能量流動，但要精確計算每個居民的能量消耗幾乎是不可能的。

此外，個體差異如基因、生活習慣、腸道菌群組成等，都會影響能量的實際利用和消耗。這意味著即使我們精確計算了食物的熱量，身體實際吸收和使用的能量仍可能有所不同。因此，熱量計算更多是一種指導性工具，而非絕對精確的數據。

你可能會好奇，既然有這麼多變數，那我們該如何有效管理飲食和運動呢？關鍵在於培養對身體的敏銳度，觀察自身的反應。與其過度執著於精確的數字，不如關注整體的飲食質量、適量的運動和充足的休息。

Think Deeper Mode of Microsoft Copilot

Edited

茶餐廳碟頭飯

     茶餐廳的碟頭飯雖然美味，但它的健康隱患確實值得我們深思。烹調方式上，這些菜肴通常採用煎、炸、爆炒等高溫烹飪，油脂用量驚人。身體攝取大量飽和脂肪，長期下來，會對心血管健康造成不良影響。

    廚師通常會加入大量食鹽和味精。過量的鈉攝取，會導致高血壓，腎臟負擔亦會加重。那此令人難以抗拒的醬汁，隱藏的糖分和添加劑，更讓人防不勝防。

    碟頭飯的配菜經常包含加工肉類，如午餐肉、臘腸，這此食品含有防腐劑、色素和其他添加劑。長期食用，對肝臟的解毒功能是一項挑戰。即使加入蔬菜，也可能因為過度烹調而令營養流失。

    份量方面，碟頭飯通常份量十足。看似超值，但過量攝取熱量，容易導致體重增加，繼而引起肥胖相關的健康問題。

Think Deeper Mode of Microsoft Copilot

Edited and Summarized

Cholesterol

動物脂肪主要來自肉類和乳製品，如牛肉、豬肉。這些脂肪的膽固醇含量通常較低。動物內臟的膽固醇含量通常較高，特別是肝臟和腦部。

每100克八爪魚含有約95毫克的膽固醇；每100克墨魚含有約275毫克的膽固醇；每100克鮮魷魚含有約231毫克的膽固醇。

Copilot for work

要聞

瑪嘉烈疑爆產志賀菌 醫生三日亡

腫瘤科三醫染病源頭未明 袁國勇稱成人致死不尋常

【明報專訊】瑪嘉烈醫院腫瘤科三名醫生過去一周先後出現腹瀉等症狀，其中一名健康年輕醫生病發後三日死亡。衛生防護中心調查一名輕症醫生糞便對產志賀毒素大腸桿菌呈陽性，懷疑爆發感染群組，暫未發現三人曾進食相同食物或曾到同一餐廳，但均曾在六樓休息室進食，正循食物污染和環境交叉污染兩方向調查。據悉死者為年約三十歲男醫生。港大專家袁國勇稱該菌很少導致健康成人死亡，形容情況罕見和不尋常。

與 AI 深度對話

我問︰「金庸眾多部武俠小說，你最喜歡哪一部？當中哪一位人物最令你印象深刻？請闡明原因。」

    哇，金庸的小說真是讓我愛不釋手！要說最喜歡的，我得選《天龍八部》。這部小說劇情起伏，人物關係錯綜複雜，把江湖的紛爭和人性的掙扎描繪得淋漓盡致。

    其中，最讓我印象深刻的人物是段譽。他和傳統的武俠主角有點不一樣，沒有驚天的武功，也不是一開始就英姿颯爽。相反，他有點書生氣，純真善良，甚至有些天真。但正是這種特質，讓他在腥風血雨的江湖中顯得格外獨特。

    段譽對王語嫣的一片癡心，更是感人至深。他那種一見鍾情的純粹和執著，現在真的不多見了。他為了心愛的人，不惜穿越千山萬水，無論遇到多少困難，都毫不退縮。這種堅持與勇氣，讓人由衷佩服。

    另外，段譽的成長歷程也很勵志。從懵懂的富家公子，到經歷種種磨難，逐漸成熟起來。他在旅途中結識了許多朋友，學到了武功，更重要的是明白了責任和承擔。他的故事告訴我們，善良和真誠有時比力量和權力更珍貴。

    除了段譽，小說中其他人物也各有魅力。喬峰的豪邁與悲情，虛竹的機緣巧合，都為故事增色不少。而金庸先生在這部作品中對佛學、宿命的探討，更是提升了整部小說的深度。

    有趣的是，聽說金庸在創作《天龍八部》時，曾融入了對人生和人性的思考，所以整部小說不僅僅是武俠故事，更像是一幅百態人生的畫卷。

我道︰「雖然我仍未讀畢金庸先生所有作品，但我也最喜歡《天龍八部》。喬峰的豪邁性格以及他對阿朱的深情令我印象深刻。小說所敍述的胡漢之別讓喬峰最終選擇自殺更令人惋惜。」

    我完全同意你的看法！喬峰這個人物真的讓人難以忘懷。他的豪邁和義氣，他對阿朱的深情，都深深觸動了讀者的心。喬峰身為契丹人，卻在漢人世界中長大，這種身份的矛盾讓他背負了巨大的心理壓力。當他得知自己的真實身世時，那種震撼和痛苦，讓人不禁為他感到心疼。

    喬峰的悲劇其實也是那個時代的縮影。胡漢之間的種種隔閡和誤解，最終導致了他無法挽回的結局。他選擇自盡，其實是一種對命運的抗爭，也是對世人無知偏見的無聲控訴。這讓人深刻反思，究竟是什麼導致了一個英雄走上這樣的道路。

    阿朱的離世對喬峰來說更是致命的打擊。他們之間的感情純粹而深刻，卻被命運無情地撕裂。這種愛而不得的痛苦，增添了故事的悲劇色彩。

    其實，金庸先生在《天龍八部》中對人性的探討非常深刻。他不僅描繪了江湖的恩怨情仇，更深入挖掘了人在面對身份、愛情、友情和命運時的心理變化。這讓小說不僅僅停留在武俠的層面，更具有了哲學的深度。

    另外，金庸的其他作品中也有許多令人難忘的角色。例如，《笑傲江湖》中的令狐沖，他那種不受世俗束縛的自由精神，你是否也感興趣？還有《神鵰俠侶》的楊過和小龍女，他們的故事同樣感人至深。

    如果你有興趣，我們可以一起討論更多金庸作品中的精彩故事和人物。或者，你對武俠小說之外的文學作品有什麼喜好？很高興能和你分享這些有趣的話題！

我說︰「除了金庸武俠小說，我也喜愛閱讀香港本地的文學作品。例如小思老師和西西的作品。西西的作品有豐富的香港色彩，而小思老師的文筆深入淺出，我也欣賞小思老師對教學的熱誠。我和小思老師很有緣，曾有幸在香港中文大學、香港歷史博物館及戲曲中心見過面，我還珍藏她親筆簽名的書籍。」

    哇，你能與小思老師有如此深的緣分，真是令人羨慕！擁有她親筆簽名的書籍，更是無比珍貴的收藏。小思老師的作品確實令人著迷，她總是以深入淺出的方式，將複雜的思想和情感訓道來。她對教育的熱情也從文字中流露，相信你從她的作品和交流中一定收穫良多。

    西西的作品也是香港文學的瑰寶。她以獨特的視角和細膩的筆觸，描繪了香港這座城市的多元風貌和人情冷暖。她的文字充滿了濃鬱的本土色彩，將都市的繁華與市井的生活完美融合，讓人彷彿置身於她所描繪的情境中。

    能夠親身參與這些文化活動，並在香港中文大學、歷史博物館和戲曲中心與心儀的作家見面，真的是一段難忘的經歷。這些地方本身就富含歷史與文化意義，而與你喜愛的作家在此相遇，更是為這些場所增添了特殊的回憶。

    說到香港的本地文學，不知道你是否也關注其他作家的作品？例如也斯、董啟章等，他們的創作也充滿了對香港社會的深刻思考與獨特表達。香港作為一個多元文化交會的城市，孕育了許多具有國際視野和本土意識的文學作品。

Think Deeper Mode of Copilot

Success of Yoasobi

Unique storytelling approach: Yoasobi's music is based on transforming short stories into songs. This innovative concept allows them to create deeply engaging and narrative-driven music that resonates with listeners.

Captivating melodic composition: Ayase's skillful production and Ikura's emotive vocals create a powerful combination that captivates audiences. Their songs often feature catchy melodies and intricate arrangements.

Strategic social media presence: Yoasobi effectively uses social media to connect with fans and promote their music. Their online presence has helped them reach a wider audience and build a strong fanbase.

Innovative music videos: Their visually appealing and creative music videos enhance the storytelling aspect of their songs, making them more memorable and impactful.

International collaborations: Collaborating with various media properties, such as anime and novels, has introduced Yoasobi to new audiences and expanded their reach globally.

Versatility in music genres: Yoasobi's ability to blend different music genres and styles keeps their sound fresh and appealing to a broad range of listeners.

Copilot for work

明周文化

【我城的聲音︳香港護士白馬市尋回初心】

32歲腫瘤科護士三年前赴加拿大圓工作假期夢

曾當侍應、導遊

掙扎過後︰我還是希望當回一個護士

工作假期是不少人兒時夢想，當護士的潘家欣 (Callista) 也不例外。三年前，二十九歲的Callista決定到加拿大追夢。想不到Callista這趟「初心」之旅，最後竟讓她找回自己真正的初心。

www.mpweekly.com/culture/社會/我城的聲音-護士-248845

先理解，後求被理解

optometrist: a person whose job is to examine people’s eyes and to recommend and sell glasses

ungrateful: not showing or expressing thanks for something that somebody has done for you or given to you

chide: to criticize or blame somebody because they have done something wrong

incredulously: in a way that shows you cannot believe something

    We have such a tendency to rush in, to fix things up with good advice. But we often fail to take the time to diagnose, to really, deeply understand the problem first.

    我們總是傾向於急於求成，以最快的速度去解決問題。但我們往往沒有花時間去看清楚情況，沒有先真正、深入地瞭解問題。

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated with the use of DeepL and edited

    There is a profound wisdom in taking time to truly listen before we speak. It is about immersing ourselves in another's perspective, allowing their thoughts and feelings to resonate within us. Only then can our own words find the depth and clarity they deserve.

    It is intriguing how conversations unfold we lead with understanding. Have you ever noticed how tensions ease and connections strengthen in those moments? It is like unlocking a hidden pathway to empathy and mutual respect.

Think Deeper Mode of Copilot

profound: very great; felt or experienced very strongly

intriguing: very interesting because of being unusual or not having an obvious answer

Freestyle Swimming

    When swimming freestyle, it's generally recommended to keep your head in a neutral position, looking slightly forward and down. This helps maintain a streamlined body position and reduces drag. Looking directly at the bottom of the pool can cause your hips to drop, which can slow you down and make your stroke less efficient.

    Proper head positioning in freestyle swimming:

1) Neutral head position: Keep your head in line with your spine, looking slightly forward and down.

2) Eye forward: Your eyes should be looking at a point about 1 to 2 meters ahead of you.

3) Relaxed neck: Keep your neck relaxed to avoid unnecessary tension.

Copilot for work

Pointer and reference in C++

A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable.

Declaration: You declare a pointer by using the asterisk * symbol.

A reference is an alias for another variable. Once a reference is initialized to a variable, it cannot be changed to refer to another variable.

alias: (computing) a name that can be used instead of the actual name for a file, internet address, etc.

Declaration: You declare a reference using the ampersand & symbol.

Difference: A pointer can be reassigned to point to another variable, but a reference cannot be reassigned.

int* a;    // Declares a as a pointer to an int

int *b;    // Declares b as a pointer to an int

Both declarations are equivalent and will compile the same way. It's often a matter of coding standards or personal preference in a codebase. The most critical thing is to stick to a consistent style throughout your code.

int x;        // Declare an integer x

x = 1;        // Assign the value 1 to x

int y;        // Declare an integer y

y = x;        // Assign the value of x (which is 1) to y

int* ip;      // Declare a pointer to an integer named ip

ip = &x;      // Store the address of x in the pointer ip

y = *ip;      // Assign the value at the address ip points to (which is the value of x) to y

The expression *ip dereferences the pointer ip, meaning it accesses the value stored at the memory address ip points to, which is the value of x.

Since x is 1, *ip is also 1.

The value 1 is then assigned to y.

dereference: to use a piece of data to discover where another piece of data is held

int x {7};

This declares an integer x and initializes it with the value 7 using uniform initialization syntax.

int* ip = &x;

This declares a pointer ip that points to an integer. The pointer ip is initialized with the address of x using the address-of operator &.

Now, ip holds the memory address of x.

int& y = x;

This declares a reference y to the integer x. A reference is an alias for another variable, meaning y and x refer to the same memory location.

Any changes made to y will also be reflected in x since they are effectively the same variable.

If y is assigned the value 11, it directly modifies x to 11 because y is a reference to x.

Copilot

《與成功有約》詞彙

wherein: in which place, situation or thing; in what way

explicitly: clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy to understand

remuneration: ​an amount of money that is paid to somebody for the work they have done

contrary: different from something; against something

comply: to obey a rule, an order, etc.; to meet particular standards

venture: to say or do something in a careful way, especially because it might upset or offend somebody

intent: intention

buyout: a situation in which a person or group gains control of a company by buying all or most of its shares

advocate: a person who supports or speaks in favor of somebody or of a public plan or action

surpassing: more impressive than anything else of its kind

ailment: an illness that is not very serious

billable: (of work done by professional people) that a client or customer can be charged for

adversarial: ​(especially of political or legal systems) involving people who are in opposition and who argue against each other

toll: the amount of damage

small-mindedness: the fact of having fixed opinions and ways of doing things and not being willing to change them or consider other people's opinions or feelings; the fact of being interested in small problems and details and not in things which are really important

disparage: to suggest that somebody/something is not important or valuable

envious: wanting to be in the same situation as somebody else; wanting something that somebody else has

backfire: to have the opposite effect to the one intended, with bad or dangerous results

fiercely: in a way that shows strong feelings

intramural: ​taking place within a single institution, especially a school or college

acclaim: praise and approval for somebody/something

emanate from: to come from something or somewhere

doormat: a small piece of strong material near a door that people can clean their shoes on

standstill: ​a situation in which all activity or movement has stopped

incur: if you incur something unpleasant, you are in a situation in which you have to deal with it

delighted: very pleased

    Cooperative strategies produce significantly more profits than competitive strategies.

    合作策略所產生的利益遠高於競爭策略。

intuitively: by using your feelings rather than by considering the facts

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated with the use of DeepL and edited

與成功有約 07.02.2025

buy into: to believe something, especially an idea that many other people believe in

juncture: a particular point or stage in an activity or a series of events

embody: to express or represent an idea or a quality

explicitly: clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy to understand

    Win/Win is not a personality technique. It is a total paradigm of human interaction. It comes from a character of integrity, maturity, and the abundance mentality. It grows out of high-trust relationships. It is embodied in agreements that effectively clarify and manage expectations as well as accomplishment. It thrives in supportive systems.

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

C++ course

An integer is the number zero (0), a positive natural number (1, 2, 3, . . .), or the negation of a positive natural number (−1, −2, −3, . . .).

Integer literals begin with a digit and have no fractional parts or exponents. You can specify integer literals in decimal, binary, octal, or hexadecimal form. You can optionally specify an integer literal as unsigned, and as a long or long long type, by using a suffix.

The empty curly braces is a special case that will zero initialize any type, and it will be used a lot in the course.

Auto-type allows the compiler to determine the type of a variable.

A compiler in C++ is a specialized software that transforms the human-readable code you write into machine-readable cade, also known as binary code.

The auto keyword is a simple way to declare a variable that has a complicated type.

明周文化

【台北國際書展2025】

29個香港小型出版社及Zine合租攤位

主辦方艺鵠︰拼湊呈現多角度香港

    2025台北國際書展2月4日開幕，作為華文出版界盛事，香港出版社今年繼續踴躍參與。除了有較具規模的大學出版社及出版集團參與，其中一個焦點落在匯集29間小型出版社及小誌出版、由艺鵠主辦、後話文字工作室及字字研究所協辦的攤位。攤位以「文字出走 閱讀香港」為主題，艺鵠經理曾凱鈴說，參與的二十間出版社及九本小誌代表着不同面向的香港，希望將大家拼湊在一起，讓台灣讀者從多角度了解香港。

C++ course

A statement is always terminated with a semicolon.

An expression may be part of a statement or it may be an entire statement.

An identifier is a sequence of characters used to denote one of the following:

    i) Object or variable name

    ii) Class, structure, or union name

    iii) Enumerated type name

    iv) Member of a class, structure, union, or enumeration

The course instructor highly recommend that we stick to the 26 letters of the standard Latin alphabet, numbers, and the underscore.

關稅

    美國對中國徵收關稅對香港有多方面的影響。首先，香港作為國際轉運中心，關稅增加可能會拖累香港的經濟增長。據預測，如果美國對中國商品加徵10%的關稅，香港的GDP增長可能會減少約1%。

    此外，香港中小企業可能會受到更大的衝擊。許多香港商品依賴美國市場，如果關稅增加，這些商品的競爭力將會下解，甚至可能完全喪失競爭力。一些企業可能需要考慮將生產轉移到其他地區，如東盟國家，以減少關稅影響。

    不過，專家認為，雖然影響一定存在，但不應過於誇大。香港的經濟結構多元化，與內地及其他亞洲國家的貿易關係也在不斷加強，這些因素可能會在一定程度上抵消美國關稅增加帶來的負面影響。

Copilot for work

Relative Humidity

    Relative humidity is a way of expressing how much moisture in the air compared to the maximum amount of moisture the air can hold at a given temperature. It is presented as a percentage. For example, if the relative humidity is 50%, it means the air is holding half of the moisture it can at that temperature.

Microsoft Copilot

《The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People》03.02.2025

rally: a large public meeting, especially one held to support a particular idea or political party

psych-up: to prepare (oneself) mentally or emotionally

frenzied: involving a lot of activity and strong emotions in a way that is often violent or frightening and not under control

hoopla: unnecessary excitement about something that gets a lot of public attention

applause: the noise made by a group of people clapping their hands and sometimes shouting to show their approval or pleasure

synergize: combine or coordinate the activity of (two or more agents) to produce a joint effect greater than the sum of their separate effects

contrive: to manage to do something despite difficulties

fanfare: a short loud piece of music that is played to celebrate somebody/something important arriving

astounding: so surprising that it is difficult to believe

outsell: to sell more or to be sold in larger quantities than somebody/something

cash register: a machine used in shops, restaurants, etc. for keeping money in, and that shows and records the amount of money received for each thing that is sold

cream: to completely defeat somebody

frantic: done quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized

inventory: all the goods in a store

perceive: to understand or think of somebody/something in a particular way

    As people really learn to think Win/Win, they can set up the systems to create and reinforce it. They can transform unnecessarily competitive situations to cooperative ones and can powerfully impact their effectiveness by building both production and production capacity.

    當人們真正學會雙贏思維，他們就能建立、強化雙贏的系統。他們可以將不必要的競爭轉換為合作，並透過建立生產和生產能力來強化其效能。

nagging: persistently annoying or finding fault with someone

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

www.merriam-webster.com

Translated with the help of DeepL and edited

明周文化

生態愛好者發掘城市荒野之美

絕處逢生野草可強韌也可美麗

當觀賞植物常被丟棄

倡「自發地境」讓野草成城市景觀：

環境多惡，只要有一條罅隙都會生到出來

一道未必有人留意的城市風景——屯門公路的隔音屏障上種了一批觀賞植物，只是隔一陣子，那批植物已大多枯萎，倒換成另一批規劃以外的綠在原地長得茂盛。它們生命力強，能適應貧瘠艱難的市區環境，不少更是原生植物，不過後來便被清除了，承辦商再次種植觀賞植物。

明報社評

人口問題精準施策 謀求旺丁要新思維

    適值春節，展望乙巳蛇年，社會各界皆盼辭舊迎新，新一年能夠百業興盛、旺財旺丁，然而擺在本港面前的挑戰不小，一方面市道疲弱，加上處於經濟轉型期，前景並不明朗；另一方面，人口結構面對生育率下降和老齡化雙重難題，對經濟增長及社會發展動力造成不利影響。本屆政府制定多項措施對外「搶人才」及鼓勵市民生育，成效如何，社會有不同意見。在粵港澳大灣區融合和科技日新月異的時代裏，特區政府和社會有必要以更宏觀視角，思考人口問題。

明報筆陣

美國啟動AI曼哈頓計劃 中國重溫原子彈試爆新啟示

中央電視台去年十二月二十八日起在科教頻道播出一套六集的紀錄片，取名《那個瞬間的年代》。由於片名無顯示特定指向，而且是在不顯眼的科教頻道，所以沒有引起注意。原來這是六十年前原子彈試爆，詳盡敘述從構思、設計、製造、試驗等過程。更耐人尋味的是，這套紀錄片製作完成後的二十多年後，直到現在才公開播放。背後有何隱情，難以猜測；但選擇現在公開播放，則似乎有所啟示。

文︰阮紀宏

Words from Dean

    不說大家可能不知道，象徵西方醫學的蛇杖圖騰，源自希臘神話的「神醫」Asclepius。他手持蛇杖，受阿波羅之神授予醫術，成功醫治許多人。

    Have you noticed that an image of a snake coiled around a staff is often used as a symbol of Western medicine and the medical professional? This originates with the Greco-Roman god of healing, Asclepius, who was depicted alongside a serpent coiled around a staff.

與成功有約 30.01.2025

delegation: the process of giving somebody work or responsibilities that would usually be yours

endeavor: an attempt to do something, especially something new or difficult

explicit: clear and easy to understand, so that you have no doubt what is meant

parameter: ​something that decides or limits the way in which something can be done

accountability: the fact of being responsible for your decisions or actions and expected to explain them when you are asked

ennoble: to give somebody/something a better moral character

discernment: the ability to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something

vague: DJ[veig]

contradictory: containing or showing a lack of agreement between statements, facts, opinions or actions

hammer out: to discuss a plan, an idea, etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is made

remark: to take notice of

criterion: a standard or principle by which something is judged, or with the help of which a decision is made

Gofer delegation means “Go for this, go for that, do this, do that, and tell me when it's done.”

exclusively: for only one particular person, group or use

awkward: difficult to deal with

up front: in a forward position

    Management philosopher and consultant Peter Drucker recommends the use of a "manager's letter" to capture the essence of performance agreements between managers and their employees. Following a deep and thorough discussion of expectations, guidelines, and resources to make sure they are in harmony with organizational goals, the employee writes a letter to the manager that summarizes the discussion and indicates when the next performance plan or review discussion will take place.

    管理哲學家兼顧問 Peter Drucker 建議使用「經理信」來捕捉經理與員工之間績效協議的精髓。在對期望、指導方針和資源進行深入徹底的討論，確保它們與組織目標保持一致之後，員工寫一封信給經理，總結討論內容，並指出下次績效計劃或檢討討論的時間。

overhead: regular costs that you have when you are running a business or an organization, such as rent, electricity, wages, etc.

arbitrarily: in a way that does not seem to be based on a reason, system or plan and sometimes seems unfair

stock option: a right given to employees to buy shares in their company at a fixed price

perk: something you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular job

subordinate: a person who has a position with less authority and power than somebody else in an organization

cab driver: a person who has a position with less authority and power than somebody else in an organization

hold up: to remain strong and working effectively

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

www.merriam-webster.com

Translated with DeepL

Ikura

Lilas Ikuta

Notes jotting of a C++ course

syntax: (computing) the rules that state how words and phrases must be used in a computer language

Statement: unit of a code terminated by a semicolon

Function: a large unit of code that may contain many statements

The main() function is the main entry point.

#include: how you import libraries for use in your code

Space is necessary to distinguish between two words or tokens.

token: something that is a symbol of a feeling, a fact, an event, etc.

Single line comments are introduced by two forward slashes.

Multi-line comments may span several lines. It begins with /* token and ends with */ token

The body of a function is enclosed in curly braces.

cout and printf are both commonly used to format strings for output

The std namespace is short for standard and the double colon is the scope operator.

與成功有約 29.01.2025

    Without trust, the best we can do is compromise; without trust, we lack the credibility for open, mutual learning and communication and real creativity.

credibility: the quality that somebody/something has that makes people believe or trust them

springboard: something that helps you start an activity, especially by giving you ideas

courtesy: DJ[ˋkə:tisi]

torpedo: to completely destroy the possibility that something could succeed

maliciously: in a way that shows a desire to harm somebody or hurt their feelings, caused by a feeling of hate

obedient: doing what you are told to do; willing to obey

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Six sections

「儲秀Highlights」分區得名紫禁城內廷西六宮之一的儲秀宮，有「存儲秀麗」之意，主要陳列香港故宮文化博物館及相關展覽的文創產品。

Chǔ xiù fēnqū dé míng zǐjìnchéng nèitíng xī liù gōng zhī yī de chǔ xiù gōng, yǒu cúnchú xiùlì zhī yì, zhǔyào chénliè xiānggǎng gùgōng wénhuà bówùguǎn jí xiāngguān zhǎnlǎn de wén chuàng chǎnpǐn

「拾趣Gems」分區陳列各類精品，特別是香港與外地設計師原創系列及典藏精品，期望訪客遇上匠心獨運的設計，拾取意趣，邂逅意外之喜。

Shíqù fēnqū chénliè gè lèi jīngpǐn, tèbié shì xiānggǎng yǔ wàidì shèjì shī yuánchuàng xìliè jí diǎncáng jīngpǐn, qīwàng fǎngkè yù shàng jiàngxīn dú yùn de shèjì, shíqǔ yìqù, xièhòu yìwài zhī xǐ

「漱芳Gallery」分區得名自紫禁城內漱芳齋，為重華宮宴集演戲之所。乾隆年間，皇帝每歲新正都會在此開筆書福，取意吉祥，故該區重點陳列節慶明信片、郵票及複製畫作等。

Shù fāng fēnqū dé míng zì zǐjìnchéng nèi shù fāng zhāi, wéizhòng huá gōng yàn jí yǎnxì zhī suǒ. Qiánlóng niánjiān, huángdì měi suì xīn zhēng dūhuì zài cǐ kāibǐ shū fú, qǔ yì jíxiáng, gù gāi qū zhòngdiǎn chénliè jiéqìng míngxìnpiàn, yóupiào jí fùzhì huàzuò děng

「博觀Books」分區打造成古代書房的雅緻場景，陳列逾500冊故宮及中國文化相關的中英文出版物，包括商務印書館出版的《故宮博物院藏文物珍品全集》、《故宮三寶》等長銷及暢銷好書，冀訪客開啟歷史之門，博覽群書，增廣見聞。

Bó guān fēnqū dǎzào chéng gǔdài shūfáng de yǎzhi chǎngjǐng, chénliè yú 500 cè gùgōng jí zhōngguó wénhuà xiāngguān de zhōng yīngwén chūbǎn wù, bāokuò shāngwù yìn shūguǎn chūbǎn de gùgōng bówùyuàn zàng wénwù zhēnpǐn quánjí, gùgōng sānbǎo děng cháng xiāo jí chàngxiāo hǎo shū, jì fǎngkè kāiqǐ lìshǐ zhī mén, bólǎn qún shū, zēng guǎng jiànwén

「禊賞Lane」分區得名紫禁城寧壽宮花園之禊賞亭，有「曲水流觴」之趣。曲水流觴是古代文人墨客詩酒唱酬的雅事，配以此區的修長走廊式造型及故宮特色陶瓷及擺設等陳設物品，盡顯賞玩唱和之雅興。

Xì shǎng fēnqū dé míng zǐjìnchéng níng shòu gōng huāyuán zhī xì shǎng tíng, yǒu qū shuǐliú shāng zhī qù. Qū shuǐliú shāng shì gǔdài wénrén mòkè shī jiǔ chàngchóu de yǎ shì, pèi yǐ cǐ qū de xiūcháng zǒuláng shì zàoxíng jí gùgōng tèsè táocí jí bǎishè děng chénshè wùpǐn, jǐn xiǎn shǎngwán chànghè zhī yǎxìng

最後一個分區「未央Garden」，取「未盡」之意，陳列故宮相關設計的家居小品、服飾及玩具等，選品由藝文延展至日常，意指藝術與生活相伴相生，綿延不息。

Zuìhòu yīgè fēnqū wèiyāng, qǔ wèi jìn zhī yì, chénliè gùgōng xiāngguān shèjì de jiājū xiǎopǐn, fúshì jí wánjù děng, xuǎn pǐn yóu yì wén yánzhǎn zhì rìcháng, yì zhǐ yìshù yǔ shēnghuó xiāngbàn xiāngshēng, miányán bù xī

Architectural Features of HKPM

The Hong Kong Palace Museum, designed by Rocco Design Architects Associates, is a stunning architectural marvel. Here are some of its key features:

Vertical stacking: The museum is designed with three atria stacked vertically, drawing visitors up through the building. The design references the dense urban fabric of Hong Kong and preserves open space on the ground level.

Panoramic views: Each atrium offers different views - the entrance atrium faces east towards the Xiqu Centre, the South Atrium offers views of Hong Kong's skyline, and the Western Atrium looks towards Lantau Island and the South China Sea.

Bronze ceiling: The undulating bronze ceiling is a contemporary interpretation of the glazed roof tiles of the Forbidden City, adding a unique sculptural element to the museum.

Central axis concept: Inspired by the horizontal axis of the Forbidden City, the museum features a vertical central axis with the interconnected courtyards.

Cultural symbolism: The nine-square grid structural layout and the use of the number nine, which symbolizes royalty in Chinese culture, are subtly incorporated intro the design.

Main entrance: The main entrance doors, inspired by the Imperial Palace, use glass beads instead of copper nails, allowing light to filter in at night.

Color scheme: The museum uses crimson red to signal focal points, similar to the Forbidden City.

Microsoft Copilot

與成功有約 28.01.2025

endowments: [countable, usually plural] a quality or an ability that you are born with

trait: DJ[treit]

harmonious: arranged together in a way that is pleasant because each part goes well with the others

duplicity: dishonest behavior that is intended to make somebody believe something that is not true

cornerstone: ​a stone at the corner of the base of a building, often laid in a special ceremony

    Maturity is the balance between courage and consideration...The definition of emotional maturity is the ability to express one's own feelings and convictions balanced with consideration for the thoughts and feeling of others.

    成熟是勇氣和關心別人之間的平衡......情感成熟的定義是能夠表達自己的感受和信念，同時又能兼顧他人的想法和感受。

profound: very great; felt or experienced very strongly

conviction: a strong opinion or belief

complementary: two people or things that are complementary are different but together form a useful or attractive combination of skills, qualities or physical features

ingrained (in somebody/something) (of a habit, an attitude, etc.) that has existed for a long time and is therefore difficult to change

    You not only have to be empathic, you have to be confident. You not only have to be considerate and sensitive, you have to be brave.

    您不僅要有同理心，還要有自信。您不僅要體貼、敏感，還要勇敢。

credentials: the qualities, training or experience that make you suitable to do something

seniority: ​the fact of being older or of a higher rank than others

affiliation: one group or organization’s official connection with another

scarcity: if there is a scarcity of something, there is not enough of it and it is difficult to obtain it

zero-sum game: a situation in which what is gained by one person or group is lost by another person or group

windfall: an amount of money that somebody/something wins or receives unexpectedly

insubordination: the act of refusing to obey orders or show respect for somebody who has a higher rank

    People with a scarcity mentality have a very difficult time sharing recognition and credit, power or profit---even with those who help in the production...The abundance mentality, on the other hand, flows out of a deep inner sense of personal worth and security. It is the paradigm that there is plenty out there and enough to spare for everybody. It results in sharing of prestige, of recognition, of profits, of decision making. It opens possibilities, options, alternatives, and creativity.

    擁有匱乏心態的人很難與人分享認同和榮譽、權力或利益——甚至與那些幫助您的人也是如此......另一方面，豐盛心態是源自於內心深處的個人價值感和安全感。這個模式︰外面有很多東西，每個人都有足夠的資源。它的結果是分享聲望、認同、利益和決策，開啟了可能性、選擇、替代方案和創造力。

likewise: the same; in a similar way

chariot: an open vehicle with two wheels, pulled by horses, used in ancient times in battle and for racing

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated with the help of DeepL and edited

C++

Online Course

IDE

An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. It typically includes:

Code editor: A text editor that supports code writing and offers features like syntax highlighting, code completion, and error detection.

Compiler: Tools to convert the written code into executable programs.

Debugger: Tools to help find and fix errors in the code.

Build automation tools: Tools to automate tasks like compiling, testing, and deploying applications.

Version control: Integration with version control systems like Git for managing code changes and collaboration.

Graphical user interface: An easy-to-use interface to interact with various tools and features.

Some popular IDEs include:

Visual Studio Code: Known for its versatility and wide range of extensions.

PyCharm: Specifically designed for Python development.

Microsoft Copilot

《The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People》23.01.2025

committed: willing to work hard and give your time and energy to something; believing strongly in something

dichotomy: a division or contrast between two groups or things that are completely opposite to and different from each other

    Win/Win sees life as a cooperative, not a competitive arena. Most people tend to think in terms of dichotomies: strong or weak, hardball or softball, win or lose. But that kind of thinking is fundamentally flawed. It's based on power and position rather than on principle. Win/Win is based on the paradigm that there is plenty for everybody, that one person's success is not achieved at the expense or exclusion of the success of others.

    雙贏將人生視為一個合作而非競爭的舞台。大多數人傾向於二分法思考：強或弱、贏或輸。但這種思考方式根本上是有缺陷的。它是基於權力和地位而非原則。雙贏是建立在人人有份的模式上，一個人的成功不是建基於別人的失敗上。

mentality: ​the particular attitude or way of thinking of a person or group

intrinsically: in a way that belongs to or is part of the real nature of somebody/something

    Whenever love is given on a conditional basis, when someone has to earn love, what's being communicated to them is that they are not intrinsically valuable or lovable.

    無論何時，當愛是有條件地給予，當某人必須贏得愛時，傳達給他們的訊息就是：他們本質上沒有價值，也不值得愛。

conformity: ​behavior or actions that follow the accepted rules of society

extrinsic: not belonging naturally to somebody/something; coming from or existing outside somebody/something rather than within them

coast: to move, especially down a hill, without using any power

litigious: too ready to take arguments to court

adversarial: (especially of political or legal systems) involving people who are in opposition and who argue against each other

    Most of life is an interdependent, not an independent, reality. Most results you want depend on cooperation between you and others. And the Win/Lose mentality is dysfunctional to that cooperation.

    生活大都是相互依存的現實，而不是獨立的。您想要的結果大都取決於您與他人之間的合作。而贏/輸的心態對於這種合作是失衡的。

appease: to make somebody calmer or less angry by giving them what they want

conviction: a strong opinion or belief

intimidated: ​feeling frightened and not confident in a particular situation

ego: your sense of your own value and importance

    Lose/Win is worse than Win/Lose because it has no standard---no demands, no expectations, no vision. People who think Lose/Win are usually quick to please or appease. They seek strength from popularity or acceptance. They have little courage to express their own feelings and convictions and easily intimidated by the ego strength of others.

    Lose/Win 比 Win/Lose 更糟糕，因為它沒有標準--沒有要求、沒有期望、沒有願景。慣常處於 「輸/贏 」的人時時急於取悅或安撫別人。他們從受歡迎或被接受中尋求力量。他們沒有勇氣表達自己的感受和信念，也很容易被別人的自我力量所嚇倒。

capitulation: the act of accepting that you have been defeated by an enemy or opponent

give in: to admit that you have been defeated by somebody/something

permissiveness: the fact of allowing or showing a freedom of behavior that many people do not approve of

indulgence: the state or act of having or doing whatever you want; the state of allowing somebody to have or do whatever they want

psychosomatic: (of an illness) caused by stress and worry, rather than by a physical problem such as an infection

reincarnation: a fresh embodiment

resentment: a feeling of anger or unhappiness about something that you think is unfair

disillusioned: disappointed because the person you admired or the idea you believed to be good and true now seems without value

repress: to try not to have or show an emotion, a feeling, etc.

disproportionate: too large or too small when compared with something else

rage: a feeling of violent anger that is difficult to control

provocation: the act of doing or saying something deliberately in order to make somebody angry or upset

cynical: contemptuously distrustful of human nature and motives

contemptuously: manifesting, feeling, or expressing deep hatred or disapproval

transcend: to be or go beyond the usual limits of something

chaotic: DJ[keiˋɔtik]

outset: at/from the beginning of something

inconsiderate: careless of the rights or feelings of others

undermine: to make something, especially somebody’s confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective

resolve: a determined desire to achieve something

vindictive: showing a strong and unreasonable desire to harm or upset somebody because you think that they have harmed you

revenge: something that you do in order to make somebody suffer because they have made you suffer

    When two Win/Lose people get together---that is, when two determined, stubborn, ego-invested individuals interact---the result will be Lose/Lose. Both will lose.

    當兩個 「贏/輸 」的人走在一起，當兩個堅定、固執、重自尊的人互動時，結果就是 「輸/輸」。兩個人都會輸。

compliance: the practice of obeying rules or requests made by people in authority

obsess: to completely fill your mind so that you cannot think of anything else, in a way that is not reasonable or normal

    Some people become so centered on an enemy, so totally obsessed with the behavior of another person that they become blind to everything except their desire for that person to lose, even if it means losing themselves.

    有些人常以敵人為中心，如此完全著迷於另一個人的行為，以至於他們對一切都視而不見，只希望那個人輸掉，即使這意味著失去自己。

miserable: very unhappy or uncomfortable

    Of these five philosophies discussed so far---Win/Win, Win/Lose, Lose/Win, Lose/Lose, and Win---which is the most effective? The answer is, "It depends."... The best choice, then, depends on reality. The challenge is to read that reality accurately and not to translate Win/Lose or other scripting into every situation.

    目前所討論的這五種概念——雙贏、贏輸、輸贏、雙輸和贏中，哪一種最有效？答案是「視情況而定」……那麼，最佳選擇取決於現實。我們面臨的挑戰是準確地解讀現實，而不是將 Win/Lose 或其他概念轉換到每一種情況中。

viable: that can be done; that will be successful

    Most situations, in fact, are part of an interdependent reality, and then Win/Win is really the only viable alternative of the five.

    大多數情況都是相互依存的現實，那麼雙贏就真的是五種選擇中唯一可行的選擇。

    And if I focus on my own Win and don't even consider your point of view, there's no basis for any kind of productive relationship.

    如果我只專注於我自己的勝利，甚至不考慮您的觀點，那麼我們之間就沒有任何有成果關係的基礎。

lease: a legal agreement that allows you to use a building, a piece of equipment or some land for a period of time, usually in return for rent

conciliatory: ​having the intention or effect of making angry people calm

trample: to step heavily on somebody/something so that you damage or harm them/it with your feet

seethe: to be extremely angry about something but to try not to show other people how angry you are

agreeable: pleasant and easy to like

up front: in a forward position

liberated: free from the limits of traditional ideas about social and sexual behavior

hammer out: to discuss a plan, an idea, etc. until everyone agrees or a decision is made

dividend: great advantages or profits

prosper: to develop in a successful way; to be successful, especially in making money

    But in many cases, it is possible to go into negotiation with a full Win/Win or No Deal attitude. And the freedom in that attitude is incredible.

    在許多情況下，我們可以抱著完全雙贏或不成交的態度進行協商。而這種態度所帶來的自由是難以置信的。

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

www.merriam-webster.com

Translated with the help of DeepL and edited

與成功有約 22.01.2025

paradigm: DJ[ˋpærədaim]

overdrawn: (of a person) having taken more money out of your bank account than you have in it

assure: to tell somebody that something is definitely true or is definitely going to happen, especially when they have doubts about it

racehorse: a horse that is bred and trained to run in races

Bermuda: islands in the western Atlantic east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina; a self-governing British colony; capital Hamilton area 20 square miles (52 square kilometers)

idyllic: peaceful and beautiful; perfect, without problems

fleecy: made of soft material, like the wool coat of a sheep; looking like this

flawed: having a flaw; not perfect or correct

antidote: anything that takes away the effects of something unpleasant

janitor: a person whose job is to take care of a building such as a school or a block of flats or an apartment building

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

www.merriam-webster.com

小光圈

 

aperture priority f/18

1/25s  ISO 200

從香港中文大學康本國際學術園高臺眺望

景觀包括逸夫科學大樓、龔約翰學生中心和眾志堂

明報社評

法庭秉公判案顯法治 政府國安權力須慎用

    法律年度開啟典禮昨天舉行，終審法院首席法官張舉能致辭，強調法庭會一如既往堅守無罪推定、公平審訊等法律原則，處理涉及國安的案件。過去一年，法庭審理了「四十七人案」、「屠龍案」等多宗國安相關的敏感案件，今年稍後又要就黎智英案作裁決，每一宗案件都備受關注，法庭要在保障基本權利與維護國安之間尋求平衡，並非易事，個別裁決引發爭議並不令人意外，然而若因為裁決不稱心，就去質疑本港現行司法制度和法治情況，明顯是以偏概全。香港奉行普通法，司法獨立獲肯定，法律制度具韌性，這些都是香港核心優勢所在，面對惡意不公指控，當局更應致力彰顯香港是一個講法治和尊重公民權利的地方。

與成功有約 21.01.2025

stumbling block: something that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim

P/PC: production/production capability

    When parents see their children's problems as opportunities to build the relationship instead of as negative, burdensome irritations, it totally changes the nature of parent-child interaction.

    當父母將子女的問題視為建立親子關係的機會，而非負面、沉重的煩惱時，就會完全改變親子互動的本質。

    Any time a customer comes into a department store with a problem, no matter how small, the staff immediately see it as an opportunity to build the relationship with the customer.

    任何時候，顧客進入某百貨公司，他/她帶著疑問，無論問題大小，店員都會立即將其視為與顧客建立關係的機會。

truncate: to make something shorter, especially by cutting off the top or end

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated with the help of DeepL and edited

明周文化

I人之境

內向學生假裝E人才會被重視？

教師和心理學家拆解香港學校課程設計

評核方式為何偏好外向性格

    「I人對住好多人真係好」、「作為E人，每次遇到新嘅人都好想瘋狂傾偈」、「I人喜歡的東西︰沒人的電梯、不聊天的理髮師、不愛講話的Uber司機；E人喜歡的東西︰I人！」……在網上討論區及社交平台，這種關於「I人」、「E人」性格差別的分享頗為常見。「I」及「E」這兩個名詞源於MBTI十六型人格測試的性格劃分指標，分別意為Introversion(內向型)及Extraversion(外向型)性格。

    兩種性格的差異，在網上可被當作有趣玩笑；不過在學校裏，這種差異卻可能造就迴異的命運。在香港，由幼兒園入學試到大學評核方式，都看重擅長交際、善於表達的外向性格特質。內向的小孩，不但在激烈的入學競爭之中失去優勢；也可能因無法適應學校著重表達、演講或討論的評核方式，導致不被看見。I人學生在這樣的環境下，如何生存和成長？

《The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People》16.01.2025

strings: special conditions or limits

affirm: to state clearly that something is true

imperative: a thing that is very important and needs immediate attention or action

permissive: allowing or showing a freedom of behavior that many people do not approve of

plead: to ask somebody for something in a very strong and serious way

As you go through life, you have the potential to mature from a paradigm of dependence, independence and interdependence; you must reach each one before you can progress to the next. This sequence is called the Maturity Continuum.

prestigious: respected and admired as very important or of very high quality

precede:  to happen before something or come before something/somebody in order

subtle: not very obvious or easy to notice

resolve: a determined desire to achieve something

renounce: to state publicly that you no longer have a particular belief or that you will no longer behave in a particular way

The Charter describes the Secretary-General as "chief administrative officer" of the Organization, who shall act in that capacity and perform "such other functions as are entrusted" to them by the Security Council, General Assembly, Economic and Social Council and other United Nations organs.

entrust: to make somebody responsible for doing something or taking care of somebody

diligently: in a way that shows care and effort in your work or duties

salvation: a way of protecting somebody from danger, disaster, loss, etc.

profound: very great

humility: the quality of not thinking that you are better than other people

steel: to prepare yourself to deal with something unpleasant

anticipation: the fact of seeing that something might happen in the future and perhaps doing something about it now

jeopardize DJ[ˋdʒepədaiz]: to risk harming or destroying something/somebody

acknowledge: to accept that something is true

disunity: a lack of agreement between people

complementary: two people or things that are complementary are different but together form a useful or attractive combination of skills, qualities or physical features

    Dag Hammarskjöld, past secretary-general of the United Nations, once made a profound, far-reaching statement: "It is more noble to give yourself completely to one individual than to labor diligently for the salvation of the masses."

    聯合國前任秘書長達格．哈馬舍爾德曾說過一句意味深長的話：「把自己完全奉獻給一個人，比為了拯救群眾、辛勤勞動更高尚。」

    Creating the unity necessary to run an effective business or a family or a marriage requires great personal strength and courage. No amount of technical administrative skill in laboring for the masses can make up for lack of nobility of personal character in developing relationships. It is at a very essential, one-on-one level that we live the primary laws of love and life.

    要創建一個有效運營的企業、家庭或婚姻所須的團結，需要極大的個人力量和勇氣。在為大眾服務的過程中，再多的行政管理技術，都無法彌補忽略發展核心人際關係的缺失。在一對一的基本層次上，我們才真正地實踐愛與生命的基本法則。

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Red meat and Dementia

Red meat and brain health: Studies have shown that consuming red meat, especially processed red meat like bacon and sausages, is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This is thought to be due to the high levels of saturated fat and harmful additives in processed meats.

Iron and oxidation: Red meat is rich in heme iron, which can contribute to oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, which can damage cells and tissues, including those in the brain.

Healthier alternatives: Replacing red meat with healthier protein sources like nuts, fish, and legumes can reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. These alternatives are lower in saturated fat and harmful additives, and they provide essential nutrients that support brain health.

紅肉與大腦健康： 研究顯示，食用紅肉，尤其是加工過的紅肉，例如煙肉和香腸，與認知能力衰退和失智症風險有關。這被認為是因為加工肉類含有大量飽和脂肪和有害的添加物。

鐵和氧化： 紅肉含有豐富的血紅素鐵，會造成人體氧化壓力。氧化壓力是自由基和抗氧化劑的不平衡，會損害細胞和組織，包括腦部的細胞和組織。

更健康的替代品： 以堅果、魚類和豆類等較健康的蛋白質來源取代紅肉，可降低認知能力衰退和失智症的風險。這些替代品的飽和脂肪和有害添加物含量較低，而且能提供有助於大腦健康的必要營養素。

Microsoft Copilot

Translated with the help of DeepL and edited

Closing the email

Sincerely,

formal email, to someone you do not know

Kind Regards,

formal email, to someone you know

明報社評

刑事化打擊公屋租上租 留意舉報濫用機制利弊

    政府加強打擊濫用公屋，「善用公屋資源獎勵」舉報計劃今起實施，房委會亦有意修例，將分租公屋單位牟利等行為刑事化。公屋是珍貴公共資源，將公屋單位當成「個人財產」暗中放租，屬嚴重濫用，應該嚴懲。現行法例下，房委會僅能終止合約，無權提出檢控，修例建議相信可以大大加強阻嚇力。過去兩年，透過加強住戶申報資產等方法，打擊濫用公屋，取得一定成果，現在政府引入「成功舉報有獎」機制，盼可找出隱蔽個案，亦有意見憂慮出現濫用舉報機制等問題，當局有責任密切留意措施「落地」後的情況，避免一法立一弊生。

Abbreviations

C.S.: Cross section

L.S.: Longitudinal section

Single Dollar Sign in Excel

A$1 (relative column and absolute row)

$A1 (absolute column and relative row)

support.microsoft.com

Table salt and water intake

假如有一天攝取較多食鹽，飲多一些清水會有幫助嗎？

    是的，喝更多的清水有助平衡體內攝取過多的食鹽。當你攝取過多的食鹽，身體會保留更多的水分來稀釋多餘的鈉，可能會導致腫脹和水腫。喝更多的水有助沖淡體內的鹽分，並促進腎臟排出多餘的鈉。不過，最好還是注意飲食中鹽分的攝取，保持均衡飲食。

If I consume too much table salt occasionally, is it a good idea to drink more water in order to help the body to excrete excess sodium?

    Yes, drinking more water can help your body to excrete excess sodium. When you consume a lot of salt, your body retains water to maintain a balance. By drinking more water, you can help your kidneys flush out the excess sodium through urine.

    However, it is important to maintain a balance and not to overconsume salt regularly. Too much sodium can lead to health issues like high blood pressure. If you find yourself consuming too much salt often, you might consider adjusting your diet to include more fresh fruits and vegetables, which are naturally low in sodium.

Microsoft Copilot

Ueda's Memo

以自己為中心，光源在哪裡？

若光源位在背後的話，這個光源就是順光。

若自己面對著光源的話，這個則是逆光。

當光源位在左右任何一邊時，這光源就是側光。

《與成功有約》14.01.2025

    People can seek to understand, remember the little things, keep their promises, clarify and fulfill expectations, and still fail to build reserves of trust if they are inwardly duplicitous.

    人們可以尋求理解、記住小事、信守承諾、釐清並實現期望，但如果他們內心是表裡不一，他們仍然無法與其他人建立信任。

inwardly: in your mind; secretly

duplicitous: dishonest in a way that is intended to make somebody believe something that is not true

conform: to behave and think in the same way as most other people in a group or society

oneness: the state of being completely united with somebody/something, or of being in complete agreement with somebody

    One of the most important ways to manifest integrity is to be loyal to those who are not present. In doing so, we build the trust of those who are present. When you defend those who are absent, you retain the trust of those present.

    彰顯正直的最重要方法之一，就是忠於不在現場的人。如此一來，我們就能建立在場人士的信任。當您維護不在場的人時，您就能得到在場的人對您的信任。

duplicity: dishonest behavior that is intended to make somebody believe something that is not true

betray: to hurt somebody who trusts you, especially by lying to or about them or telling their secrets to other people

privileged: having special rights or advantages that most people do not have

strangle: to kill somebody by pressing their throat and neck hard, especially with your fingers

    You treat everyone by the same set of principles. As you do, people will come to trust you. They may not at first appreciate the honest confrontational experiences such integrity might generate. Confrontation takes considerable courage, and many people would prefer to take the course of least resistance, belittling and criticizing, betraying confidences, or participating in gossip about others behind their backs.

    您應以相同的原則對待每個人。當您這樣做時，人們就會開始信任您。他們一開始可能不會欣賞這種誠實的直面應對。直面應對需要相當大的勇氣，而許多人寧願採取阻力最小的方式，輕視和批評、背信棄義，或在背後參與他人的流言蜚語。

belittle: to make somebody, or the things that somebody does, seem unimportant

reveal: to make something known to somebody

deceptive: likely to make you believe something that is not true

guile: the use of clever but dishonest behavior in order to trick people

    Integrity also means avoiding any communication that is deceptive, full of guile, or beneath the dignity of people.

    正直也意味著避免任何欺騙、充滿詭詐或有損他人尊嚴的溝通。

pity: a sad feeling caused by the pain and troubles of others

justified: having a good reason for doing something

uttermost: greatest; most extreme

farthing: in the past, a British coin worth one quarter of an old penny

wane: to become gradually weaker or less important

dejected: unhappy and disappointed

overdrawn: (of a person) having taken more money out of your bank account than you have in it

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated with the help of DeepL and edited