Lifting and transfer (Dept. of Health)

http://www.elderly.gov.hk/tc_chi/videos/lifting_and_transfer.html

Equipment of occupational therapy

手推滑車
https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1oG0reTQdLmzdY26TmVZ78tNMNc_jChrzmrTQz2OcTRdTT-geJAk5QaJfW9Vcsov3T2PeKbZo9w99MLzULnU4OZbLDp8DovieBXBOSspQR_R9voAfw6PSaKBxpI9VcqiH9prQ6BJtpaI/s200/occupational_therapy.jpg

Sanding unit
http://www.accordmedicalproducts.com/images/occupational_therapy_equipments/exercise_units/1462.jpg

Air splint
www.ncmedical.com/item_1088.html
One of the uses is contracture reduction

手單車
http://elderly.ainfomedia.com/wp-content/themes/gadgetine-theme/scripts/timthumb.php?src=http://elderly.ainfomedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/23-300x266.jpg&w=160&h=120&zc=1&q=100

扶抱手帶 (transfer sling)
扶抱腰帶 (transfer belt)
吊機 (hoist)

矯形架 (固定形/活動形)

Occupational therapy (Part I)

由於職業治療的哲理強調全人的治療，治療的媒介也著重在日常生活活動。
Occupational therapy emphasizes on activities of daily living and the philosophy of therapy is holistic care.

職業治療所在意的是，職能被分成三個主要範疇︰工作、自我照顧，以及玩樂與休閒。
Work, self-care, play, and leisure are the focuses of occupational therapy.

Field of therapy:
Physical injury or illness
Dysfunctional condition
Cognitive impairment
Psychosocial dysfunction
Mental illness
Developmental or learning disability

職業治療師透過不同的活動和治療，幫助病患者或有特殊需要的人士，增強體能及心智功能，發展日常生活或工作所需能力，協助他們重投家庭、工作和社會。
Occupational therapists help patients or people with special need to strengthen physical and mental ability by means of different kinds of activities and treatment. It develops the working ability and their activities of daily living are enhanced. It also helps them to re-enter to the family, career and society.

Occupational therapist: functional, activities of daily living, home environment
Physiotherapist: musculoskeletal

物理治療師是利用人體生理對物理刺激所作出的反應，治療病患和恢復身體活動功能。
By means of physical stimulation on human body, physiotherapists help patients to recover their function of body movement and treat their diseases.

兩者大致分別在於，物理治療師著重提升人的活動能力，職業治療師著重按照病人的生活或工作需要提供康復治療，而且還會協助提升病患者的心智功能。
Physiotherapist focuses on improving body movement ability of patients whilst occupational therapist provides rehabilitation treatment based on the need of daily living and work of patients. Besides, mental function is enhanced by occupational therapist.

If the interviewer asks me the reason of choosing occupational therapy instead of physiotherapy to study, it may be inappropriate to answer that occupation therapy is more holistic and it helps the old people with dementia. The interviewer may think that I suggest that physiotherapy coverage is not enough. It may also be inappropriate if I points out that my co-ordination of hands and feet is poor because it is also a necessary characteristic of an occupational therapist. I have attended the courses of physiotherapy assistant and occupational therapy assistant both. I also worked as a temporary occupational therapy assistant in a private company. Based on these experience, it may be better to answer that the career of occupation therapy is more suitable for me. But reasons have to be provided and I am still thinking on it. Furthermore, I can answer that I am not familiar with the working nature of a physiotherapist.   

職業治療師透過各項精心設計及具治療價值的活動及生活重整方法，促進病人在感官、四肢控制協調、感知概念、思維及社交、情緒各方面的康復，繼而提高他們在自我照顧、日常家居操作、工作及善用餘暇各方面的獨立能力，令他們早日重投社會，改善他們的生活質素。

認知評估︰專注力、記憶力、解決問題能力等

cognitive: thinking, reasoning, remembering

治療小組訓練︰
現實導向 (orientation of time, place and people) 小組
懷緬 (reminiscence) 治療小組
多感官 (multiple sensory organs) 治療小組

資料來源：
房協長者安居資源中心 (Housing Society Elderly Resources Centre)
香港老年學會 (Hong Kong Association of Gerontology)
職能治療概論 (ISBN: 9789866637957)

Hand tremor

Tasks like practical exam triggers sympathetic nervous system. Adrenaline is released and it causes hand tremor. Through preparation and practice, self-confidence is developed. Stress is lowered and psychological impact is diminished. This problem can be solved.

Fatty liver

Under some conditions, lipids may accumulate in the hepatocytes, resulting in the abnormal condition called fatty liver.
Smeltzer, S.C., & Bare, B.G. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: LWW

The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highest in populations with pre-existing metabolic conditions such as obesity and type II diabetes.

Vernon, G., & Baranova, A. (30 May 2011). Systematic review: the epidemiology and natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in adults. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04724.x/full

The management of patients with NAFLD consists of treating liver disease as well as the associated metabolic co-morbidities such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance and T2DM. As patients with NAFLD without steatohepatitis have excellent prognosis from a liver standpoint, treatments aimed at improving liver disease should be limited to those with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)...

The best evidence for weight loss as a means to improve liver histology in NASH comes from a trial that randomized 31 obese persons with NASH to intensive lifestyle changes (diet, behavior modification and 200 minutes a week of moderate physical activity for 48 weeks) versus structured basic education alone.

Chalasani, N. & Younossi, Z. (29 May 2012).The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Practice Guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, American College of Gastroenterology, and the American Gastroenterological Association. Wiley Online Library. Retrieved from

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hep.25762/full

https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/nafld-nash