APA

Sweet, S., & Grace-Martin, K. (2012). Data Analysis with SPSS A First Course in Applied Statistics. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc.

Importing files

All of the data provided with this test are in SPSS format, which makes your work much easier. However, at some point in your career, you may find it necessary to import statistical information from other format, such as Lotus, Excel, dBase, or ASCII. You will find SPSS has the capability of importing an Excel file.

Missing

If a person refused to answer a survey question, or responded that they were "unsure", there may be reasons to leave those individuals out of the study. But at the same time, we would not want to lose all the other information by dropping this case from the data set.

Getting start

In Variable View,

The column Label offers the opportunity to provide a more detailed description of each variable.

The column Label offers a way to associate a written description to the numerical coding of data with value labels.

Initial settings

Start the SPSS program, go to the Edit menu, and choose Options. Because we want to orient readers to the structure of data sets, in this book we specified that SPSS presents variable names in their file order. When SPSS presents output, we specified that it display both the variable names and variables labels. You should note, however, that many users prefer variables to be listed in alphabetical order, and there is no problem with this, other than the variable lists being presented in an order that is different than the way they are arrayed in the data set. As you work with the data, you will be able to determine which system works best for you.

Types of variables

String variables: e.g. dates, currencies

Categorical variables: e.g. ethnicity

 - ordinal: logical order

 - nominal: cannot be sequenced in a logical order

Scale variables
= numerical variables

 - Count variables: discrete values of whole numbers

 - Continuous variables: not restricted to whole numbers

扶抱技巧

床上轉身︰
屈曲下肢
協助轉身

臥至坐︰
協助轉側
雙腳放離床邊
手托肩胛骨，病人手按床邊

坐至站︰
坐近椅邊
雙腳平放(膝部對下位置)
手按扶手/助行器
上身向前傾
用力站起
照顧者於服務使用者較弱一側扶助

輪椅至床︰
服務使用者健側靠近床，輪椅與床成一窄角度
鎖上輪椅，坐近椅邊，身向前傾
健側上肢按床，雙腳平放地下
站起，轉身
(若服務使用者體力較弱需要輔助時，
照顧者站於弱側，一手扶腋窩，
另一手放在盤骨處，幫助轉身)

輪椅至床(1人協助)︰
輪椅靠近床邊，鎖上輪椅
協助服務使用者將身體移前
照顧者屈膝，兩人雙膝緊靠，
用肩胛抱法，利用身體後傾，
協助服務使用者站起
轉身(整個身體從腳部起旋轉坐下)

輪椅至床(2人協助)︰
輪椅靠近床邊，鎖上輪椅
協助服務使用者將身體移前，照顧者手肘扣著服務使用者腋窩
服務使用者屈膝，身體前傾，雙腿用力站起及轉身，
照顧者保持腰部挺直，加以輔助