Heavily cratered (隕石坑) surfaces on the Moon, Mars, and Mercury show that the terrestrial planets were battered by an intense bombardment during their first billion years or more, but the timing, sources, and dynamical implications of these impacts are controversial. The Late Heavy Bombardment refers to impact events that occurred after stabilization of the planetary lithospheres (地殼) such that they could be preserved as craters and basins.
William, F.B., & Marc, D.N. (2017).The Late Heavy Bombardment. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 45, 619-647. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-063016-020131
2019年11月27日星期三
2019年11月26日星期二
Depression, smartphone addiction and parenting
The purposes of the study were to examine differences in depression and smartphone addiction among four styles of perceived parenting, and determine whether the perceptions of paternal and maternal parenting are associated with depression and smartphone addiction among college students.
A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 378 undergraduate students responded to the survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS statistics version 21.
Levels of depression and smartphone addiction were significantly different according to the four styles of perceived parenting (optimal parenting, affectionate 有愛心的 constraint parenting, affectionless control parenting, and neglectful parenting). Scores of depression and smartphone addiction in the group with perceived affectionless control parenting were higher than those in the other groups. In a regression model, maternal care and paternal overprotection were significantly associated with depression. Also, maternal overprotection was the only significant predictor of smartphone addiction.
These results suggest that students who perceive that both fathers and mothers are low in care, warmth, and support; but high in overprotection, control and intrusiveness are vulnerable to depression and smartphone addiction. Targeted interventions to change and reframe students' perception of paternal and maternal parenting in a positive way may reduce their depression and smartphone addiction.
Yoo, T.J., & Kim, S.S. (2015). Impact of Perceived Parenting Styles on Depression and Smartphone Addition in College Students. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(2), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.127
A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A convenience sample of 378 undergraduate students responded to the survey. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with IBM SPSS statistics version 21.
Levels of depression and smartphone addiction were significantly different according to the four styles of perceived parenting (optimal parenting, affectionate 有愛心的 constraint parenting, affectionless control parenting, and neglectful parenting). Scores of depression and smartphone addiction in the group with perceived affectionless control parenting were higher than those in the other groups. In a regression model, maternal care and paternal overprotection were significantly associated with depression. Also, maternal overprotection was the only significant predictor of smartphone addiction.
These results suggest that students who perceive that both fathers and mothers are low in care, warmth, and support; but high in overprotection, control and intrusiveness are vulnerable to depression and smartphone addiction. Targeted interventions to change and reframe students' perception of paternal and maternal parenting in a positive way may reduce their depression and smartphone addiction.
Yoo, T.J., & Kim, S.S. (2015). Impact of Perceived Parenting Styles on Depression and Smartphone Addition in College Students. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 24(2), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.2.127
E. coli as an indicator
Monitoring the microbiological quality of drinking water relies largely on examination of indicator bacteria such as coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. E. coli is a member of the fecal coliform group and is a more specific indicator of fecal pollution than other fecal coliforms.
https://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/mr/article/view/mr.2013.e2/6220
Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present in the environment and in the feces of all warm-blooded animals and humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause illness. However, their presence in drinking water indicates that pathogens could be in the water system.
https://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/DrinkingWater/Contaminants/Coliform
https://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/mr/article/view/mr.2013.e2/6220
Coliform bacteria are organisms that are present in the environment and in the feces of all warm-blooded animals and humans. Coliform bacteria will not likely cause illness. However, their presence in drinking water indicates that pathogens could be in the water system.
https://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/DrinkingWater/Contaminants/Coliform
Headquarter
The whole Sai Kung district was so desolate (荒蕪的) and well covered by the guerrillas that they kept their radio transmitter and their mobile headquarters in either Chek Keng or Cheung Sheung for a long period. Both of these locations are neighboring villages accessible within walking distance. But both could only be reached through steep climbs through village paths. By 1943, the East River Column had an elaborate and well-organized structure. In addition to the full-time soldiers who were organized into six different duis with a total strength of about 5000, the paramilitary side had departments with duties such as logistics, intelligence, minyun, hearts and minds work, newspapers, radio station, propaganda, signals, reconnaissance, VIP protection, foreign liaison, medicine and field hospital and training.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年11月21日星期四
multi-tasking
大概一個月前，有人對我說︰「我們工作時間可以閒聊，你就不行。因為我們可以兼顧，你不能。」我又暗笑︰「人類不是電腦，multi-tasking 會影響效率，誰也不能排除於外，只是程度問題。」
The Error of Adventurism
On a moonless night in May 1943, Liu Chunxiang sailed with a platoon (軍) 排 of eleven of his more experienced soldiers to Lung Ku Tan. When they were near the two small islands of Lung Ku and Sha Chau that were normally uninhabited (無人居住的), they were caught by surprise, as they were ambushed (伏擊) by two well-armed Japanese gunboats. All twelve soldiers were killed and their boat was sunk...It was undoubtedly the Independent Brigade's worst defeat during the entire war.
The memory of the tragic loss of their experienced leader Liu Chunxiang and other soldiers affected their morale badly. So in late May, the entire (Lantau Island) detachment assembled in Tung Chung to conduct a memorial service (儀式) for Liu and the other soldiers who died in service. The leaders took the opportunity to conduct a brainstorming session with the cadres (骨幹隊伍). One of the results of the session was that the leaders of the detachment were criticized for being overly ambitious. The terminology used in the criticism was that the leaders had committed "the errors of adventurism (冒險主義)".
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
The memory of the tragic loss of their experienced leader Liu Chunxiang and other soldiers affected their morale badly. So in late May, the entire (Lantau Island) detachment assembled in Tung Chung to conduct a memorial service (儀式) for Liu and the other soldiers who died in service. The leaders took the opportunity to conduct a brainstorming session with the cadres (骨幹隊伍). One of the results of the session was that the leaders of the detachment were criticized for being overly ambitious. The terminology used in the criticism was that the leaders had committed "the errors of adventurism (冒險主義)".
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年11月18日星期一
Use of personal protective equipment and N95 respirator
Gowning and de-gowning
Equipment
- Surgical mask or N95 respirator
- Protective eyewear (face shield or eye shield)
- Cap
- Disposable gown
- Gloves
Gowning
Put on surgical mask, protective eyewear, cap, gown and gloves, as necessary.
Surgical mask
- Identify the pattern of the mask with the appropriate side facing outward before application.
- Secure mask on head with ties or elastic loops to ears.
- Spread folds to cover nose, mouth and chin completely.
- Press and mould the adjustable metal plate over nose bridge bilaterally and simultaneously to fit mask tightly.
Protective eyewear (goggles / eye / face shield)
- Ensure the protective device is well fitted to the face and cover eye or face completely as needed.
Cap
- Cover the head, ears and hair completely with the cap.
Gown
- Select appropriate type and size of gown.
- Tie gown securely at neck and either side of the waist.
- Cover the front and back clothing completely with the gown.
Gloves
- Select appropriate size of clean gloves.
- Pull gloves to cover lower end of the sleeves of gown.
Degowning
- Remove gloves first.
- Take off gloves one by one by grasping the outside edge near wrist with one hand, and peel the glove away from hand to turn glove inside out.
- Hold the removed glove in opposite gloved hand.
- Insert fingers of the ungloved hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove, and peel off from inside creating a bag for both gloves.
- Discard into appropriate container.
Perform hand washing.
- Remove gown.
- Unfasten the ties over neck with both hands and peel gown slightly away from neck and shoulders.
- Unfasten the ties over waist with hand on the same side. Then remove gown without touching its outside surface by crossing one hand over to the opposite side and grapping the inside surface of gown at the collar with fingers to remove the sleeve and gown together by rolling the contaminated outside surface inward.
- Use ungowned arm and hand to grasp the gown from the inside surface and move arm out of the remaining sleeve by turning the contaminated outside toward inside.
- Fold or roll the contaminated side of gown inward into a bundle gently.
- Discard into appropriate container.
Perform hand washing.
- Remove cap.
- Slip fingers of both hands inside the cap and lift it at the sides simultaneously.
- Roll the contaminated outside inward with both hands and remove cap from the sideway of head.
Repeat hand washing.
- Remove eyewear.
- Grasp ear-pieces or head-piece firmly with both hands, lift device away from face.
Repeat hand washing.
- Remove mask.
- Unfasten the bottom then top ties for mask with ties, or lift earloops away from ears with both hands.
- Fold contaminated outside toward inside, then discard.
Perform hand washing.
Use of N95 respirator
1. Cup the respirator in your hand, with the nosepiece at your fingertips, allowing the handbands to hang freely below your hand.
2. Position the respirator under your chin with the nosepiece up. Pull the top strap over your head resting it high at the top back of your head. Pull the bottom strap over your head and position it around the neck below the ears.
3. Place your fingertips from both hands at the top of the metal nosepiece. Using two hands, mold the nose area to the shape of your nose by pushing inward while moving your fingertips down both sides of the nosepiece. Pinching the nosepiece using one hand may result in improper fit and less effective respirator performance. Use two hands.
4. Perform a User Seal Check prior to each wearing. To check the respirator-to-face seal, place both hands completely over the respirator and exhale. Be careful not to disturb the position of the respirator. If air leaks around nose, readjust the nosepiece as described in step 3. If air leaks at the respirator edges, work the straps back along the sides of your head. If you cannot achieve proper seal, do not enter the isolation or treatment area. See your supervisor.
Removal Instructions
See step 2 of Fitting Instructions and cup respirator in hand to maintain position on face. Pull bottom strap over head. Still holding respirator in position, pull top strap over head and remove respirator.
Fit Test
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
In approximately one half of men 50 years and older, the prostate gland enlarges, extending upward into the bladder and obstructing the outflow of urine by encroaching (侵佔) on the vesical orifice.
The hypertrophied lobes of the prostate may obstruct the vesical neck or prostatic urethra, causing incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary retention. As a result, a gradual dilation of the ureters and kidneys can occur. Urinary tract infections may result from urinary stasis. Urine remaining in the urinary tract serves as a medium for infective organisms.
The obstructive and irritative symptoms associated with BPH include increased frequency of urination, nocturia, urgency, hesitancy in starting urination, abdominal straining with urination, a decrease in the volume and force of the urinary stream, interruption of the urinary stream, dribbling (urine dribbles out after urination), a sensation that the bladder has not been completely emptied, acute urinary retention (more than 60 mL of urine remaining in the bladder after urination), and recurrent urinary tract infections. Ultimately, azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products) and renal failure can occur with chronic urinary retention and large residual volumes.
If the patient is admitted on an emergency basis because he cannot void, he is immediately catheterized. The ordinary catheter may be too soft and pliable to advance through the urethra into the bladder.
Pharmacologic treatment for BPH includes use of alpha-adrenergic blockers (e.g. terazosin [Hytrin]). They relax the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate.
Other treatment options for BPH include transurethral incision of the prostate, balloon dilation, transurethral laser resection, transurethral needle ablation, and microwave thermotherapy.
"Watchful waiting" in which patients are monitored periodically for severity of symptoms, physical findings, laboratory tests, and diagnostic urologic tests, is the appropriate treatment for many patients, because the likelihood of progression of the disease or the development of complications is unknown.
Smeltzer, S.C., & Bare, B.G. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: LWW
The hypertrophied lobes of the prostate may obstruct the vesical neck or prostatic urethra, causing incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary retention. As a result, a gradual dilation of the ureters and kidneys can occur. Urinary tract infections may result from urinary stasis. Urine remaining in the urinary tract serves as a medium for infective organisms.
The obstructive and irritative symptoms associated with BPH include increased frequency of urination, nocturia, urgency, hesitancy in starting urination, abdominal straining with urination, a decrease in the volume and force of the urinary stream, interruption of the urinary stream, dribbling (urine dribbles out after urination), a sensation that the bladder has not been completely emptied, acute urinary retention (more than 60 mL of urine remaining in the bladder after urination), and recurrent urinary tract infections. Ultimately, azotemia (accumulation of nitrogenous waste products) and renal failure can occur with chronic urinary retention and large residual volumes.
If the patient is admitted on an emergency basis because he cannot void, he is immediately catheterized. The ordinary catheter may be too soft and pliable to advance through the urethra into the bladder.
Pharmacologic treatment for BPH includes use of alpha-adrenergic blockers (e.g. terazosin [Hytrin]). They relax the smooth muscle of the bladder neck and prostate.
Other treatment options for BPH include transurethral incision of the prostate, balloon dilation, transurethral laser resection, transurethral needle ablation, and microwave thermotherapy.
"Watchful waiting" in which patients are monitored periodically for severity of symptoms, physical findings, laboratory tests, and diagnostic urologic tests, is the appropriate treatment for many patients, because the likelihood of progression of the disease or the development of complications is unknown.
Smeltzer, S.C., & Bare, B.G. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: LWW
2019年11月17日星期日
2019年11月13日星期三
2019年11月12日星期二
仁者無敵
While the Independent Brigade was anxious to eliminate traitors (叛徒) and collaborators (通敵者) with the Japanese, such as the Japanese interpreters, there was evidently a policy of dealing leniently (仁慈地) and humanely (人道地) with lesser traitors. One report filed by a British Army Aid Group member who personally witnessed the capture of six bandits (土匪) and collaborators in Tai Po in June 1942, described how he was surprised by the lenient treatment. He fully anticipated that they would be summarily (即刻) executed. Instead, this group of six was given a stern (嚴厲的) lecture on their "unpatriotic conduct". The six were genuinely reduced to tears (使哭了起來). They were given some money for travelling expense and released. They were told to return to their original home, be it north of Shenzhen in China or Japanese-occupied Hong Kong. It seemed that the policy was that, as long as such bandits or collaborators had not killed any Chinese, they were treated more leniently. The treatment meted out to (予以) Japanese prisoners of war was equally humane. Once they were captured, they were repatriated to the safe sanctuary (收容所) of the column, somewhere in Luofu Mountain (羅浮山) in Dongguan. Again, they were lectured on the "evils and crimes of the Japanese Imperial Government" and told that "the Japanese and Chinese peoples should never be at war".
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
content of training
Being conversant in Chinese, Captain Ronald Holmes read the newspaper published by the column's headquarters, Qianjin Bao《前進報》, and sat in on their daily lecture or indoctrination (灌輸). To his surprise, he found very little evidence of Communist propaganda. The troops were given a lecture every afternoon, always by a practised speaker, who was obviously the political commissar. But the contents of the talks were mostly lessons on guerrilla tactics, sometimes of an exhortation (告誡) in general terms. He had never heard anything in the nature of political propaganda. Nor did he find anything of this nature in Qianjin Bao.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Chan, S.J. (2014). East River Column -- Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
2019年11月11日星期一
爸爸生病了
Hypertension can result from a change in cardiac output, a change in peripheral resistance, or both. The medications used for treating hypertension decrease peripheral resistance, blood volume, or the strength and rate of myocardial contraction.
Most of the people with high blood pressure are having primary hypertension, it is due to an unidentified cause. The remaining population have secondary hypertension, high blood pressure related to identified causes, such as renal disease.
Once identified, elevated blood pressure should be monitored at regular intervals, because hypertension is a lifelong condition.
Hypertension often accompanies other risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease, such as dyslipidemia (abnormal blood fat levels), obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and a sedentary lifestyle.
High blood pressure can be viewed in three ways: as a sign, a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or a disease. As a sign, nurses and other healthcare professionals use blood pressure to monitor a patient's clinical status.
Prolonged blood pressure elevation eventually damages blood vessels throughout the body, particularly in target organs such as the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes. The usual consequences of prolonged, uncontrolled hypertension are myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, strokes, and impaired vision.
Although no precise cause can be identified for most cases of hypertension, it is understood that hypertension is a multi-factorial condition. Because hypertension is a sign, it is most likely to have many causes, just as fever has many causes. For hypertension to occur, there must be a change in one or more factors affecting peripheral resistance or cardiac output. In addition, there must also be a problem with the body's control systems that monitor or regulate pressure.
Many factors have been implicated as causes of hypertension:
Most of the people with high blood pressure are having primary hypertension, it is due to an unidentified cause. The remaining population have secondary hypertension, high blood pressure related to identified causes, such as renal disease.
Once identified, elevated blood pressure should be monitored at regular intervals, because hypertension is a lifelong condition.
Hypertension often accompanies other risk factors for atherosclerotic heart disease, such as dyslipidemia (abnormal blood fat levels), obesity, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and a sedentary lifestyle.
High blood pressure can be viewed in three ways: as a sign, a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, or a disease. As a sign, nurses and other healthcare professionals use blood pressure to monitor a patient's clinical status.
Prolonged blood pressure elevation eventually damages blood vessels throughout the body, particularly in target organs such as the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes. The usual consequences of prolonged, uncontrolled hypertension are myocardial infarction, heart failure, renal failure, strokes, and impaired vision.
Although no precise cause can be identified for most cases of hypertension, it is understood that hypertension is a multi-factorial condition. Because hypertension is a sign, it is most likely to have many causes, just as fever has many causes. For hypertension to occur, there must be a change in one or more factors affecting peripheral resistance or cardiac output. In addition, there must also be a problem with the body's control systems that monitor or regulate pressure.
Many factors have been implicated as causes of hypertension:
- Increased sympathetic nervous system activity related to dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system
- Increased renal reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and water related to genetic variation in the pathways by which the kidneys handle sodium
- Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, resulting in expansion of extracellular fluid volume and increased systemic vascular resistance
- Decreased vasodilation of the arterioles related to dysfunction of the vascular endothelium
- Resistance to insulin reaction, which may be a common factor linking hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and glucose intolerance
Structural and functional changes in the heart and blood vessels contribute to increases in blood pressure that occur with age. These changes include accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque, fragmentation of arterial elastins, increased collagen deposits, and impaired vasodilation. The result of these changes is a decrease in the elasticity of the major blood vessels. Consequently, the aorta and large arteries are less able to accommodate the volume of blood pumped out by the heart, and the energy that would stretched the vessels instead elevates the systolic blood pressure.
Pathological changes in the kidneys (indicated by increased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels) may manifest as nocturia.
Smeltzer, S.C., & Bare, B.G. (2008). Brunner & Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: LWW
Nocturia is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality but is frequently overlooked and underreported by patients and unrecognized by physicians. Epidemiologic studies reported that nocturnal voiding is associated not only with aging and benign prostatic hyperplasia, but also with many other clinical conditions. The majority of epidemiologic studies reported a significant relationship between nocturia and hypertension. However, the cause-and-effect relationship between them has not been established. Some physiopathological changes in hypertension are conducive (促成) to result in nocturia. These include the effects of hypertension on glomerular filtration and tubular transport, resetting of the kidney pressure-natriuresis relationship, atrial stretch and release of atrial natriuretic peptide when congestive heart failure complicates hypertension, and peripheral edema. Another link between hypertension and nocturia is obstructive sleep apnea. Furthermore, some evidence supports the relationship between nondipping behavior of blood pressure and an increased prevalence of nocturia. The use of some classes of antihypertensive agents may result in nocturia. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence and physiopathological links that correlate hypertension and nocturia. Emphasis is placed on the need to take a pro-active attitude to detect and treat this hazardous condition.
Carlos, A. (2013). Nocturia in arterial hypertension: a prevalent, underreported, and sometimes underestimated association. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 7(1), 75-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2012.12.004
Natriuresis: excretion of sodium in the urine
A natriuretic peptide is a peptide which induces natriuresis.
For suspected cases of BPH, the doctor may carry out some investigations. These include rectal examination, blood tests, urine tests, ultrasound examination and procedures to obtain tissue samples for laboratory examination to isolate any cancerous cells.
2019年11月8日星期五
Winter Surge is Coming
Flu vaccines have a good safety record. There has been extensive research supporting the safety of flu vaccines.
A flu vaccine is the first and best way to reduce your chances of getting the flu and spreading it to others. CDC recommends that everyone 6 months of age and older receive a flu vaccine every year.
Like any medical product, vaccines can cause side effects. Side effects of the flu vaccine are generally mild and go away on their own within a few days.
Common side effects from the flu shot include:
The flu shot, like other injections, can occasionally cause fainting (昏暈).
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/general.htm
A flu vaccine is the first and best way to reduce your chances of getting the flu and spreading it to others. CDC recommends that everyone 6 months of age and older receive a flu vaccine every year.
Like any medical product, vaccines can cause side effects. Side effects of the flu vaccine are generally mild and go away on their own within a few days.
Common side effects from the flu shot include:
- Soreness (疼痛), redness, and/or swelling from the shot
- Headache
- Fever
- Nausea
- Muscle aches
The flu shot, like other injections, can occasionally cause fainting (昏暈).
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/general.htm
2019年11月5日星期二
成熟為題
大學生成熟嗎？假如大學生成熟，為何年青人需要讀大學？畢業後，甚至來到社會工作後，人一定會成熟，不見得。自以為成熟，卻偏偏是不成熟的一群。成熟的人總會覺得自己不夠成熟，有很大進步空間。有些人，尤其是年紀較大的一輩，未受過大學教育的洗禮，歲月令他們成熟得很，但總是被高學歷的子女看輕。初步的結論是成熟程度與學歷沒有必然關係，卻與年紀有較大的關係，然而以不同年齡層來作對比又欠公允。子女到了父母的年紀，成家立室後，多了一重教育，成熟程度有可能多了一重。
某些大學學位只是踏上社會的階梯，只讓人成為專業人士。當中，時常強調批判性思考，但有多少人能明白箇中的意思？明白了箇中的意思後，有多少人能應用在自身的專業上？有多少人能活用在日常生活中？而思考以外，與其他人合作，團隊精神又是另一種學問。那麼我們需要一個怎樣的教育？一種自主學習？其實閱讀是一種學習的捷徑，紙本閱讀卻慢慢絕跡於港。有人認為電子書是新趨勢，Kindle 可取代，但在貧富懸殊的香港不太可行，為何不返璞歸真。
一兩個月前，因交通緣故要由兆康步行至新墟的住處，其實只是當運動一下，沒有什麼反感。我和黑衣示威者沒有什麼交流，除了見到一個火頭外，只是聽到他們滿口的粗言穢語，雖然林鄭的說話有時比粗口更難聽，雖然我有時都會在心裡詛咒別人。書店的老前輩對我說︰「他們甚麼也不懂，只懂粗口，識講之乎者也我就話佢叻！」這正是香港的問題，香港文化的趨勢。屯門滿街都是壞學生，童黨問題，已經不是什麼新鮮事。政府的做法就是你讀書好便讓你入大學，讀書差少少就讓青少年投入職場，品格培養不太重視。即使叻到入三大，品格也不被看重。大學生成熟嗎？
某些大學學位只是踏上社會的階梯，只讓人成為專業人士。當中，時常強調批判性思考，但有多少人能明白箇中的意思？明白了箇中的意思後，有多少人能應用在自身的專業上？有多少人能活用在日常生活中？而思考以外，與其他人合作，團隊精神又是另一種學問。那麼我們需要一個怎樣的教育？一種自主學習？其實閱讀是一種學習的捷徑，紙本閱讀卻慢慢絕跡於港。有人認為電子書是新趨勢，Kindle 可取代，但在貧富懸殊的香港不太可行，為何不返璞歸真。
一兩個月前，因交通緣故要由兆康步行至新墟的住處，其實只是當運動一下，沒有什麼反感。我和黑衣示威者沒有什麼交流，除了見到一個火頭外，只是聽到他們滿口的粗言穢語，雖然林鄭的說話有時比粗口更難聽，雖然我有時都會在心裡詛咒別人。書店的老前輩對我說︰「他們甚麼也不懂，只懂粗口，識講之乎者也我就話佢叻！」這正是香港的問題，香港文化的趨勢。屯門滿街都是壞學生，童黨問題，已經不是什麼新鮮事。政府的做法就是你讀書好便讓你入大學，讀書差少少就讓青少年投入職場，品格培養不太重視。即使叻到入三大，品格也不被看重。大學生成熟嗎？
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