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2024年11月20日星期三

《明周文化》ADHD

【情緒健康】過度活躍症未必是一種疾病?

《經濟學人》︰強迫他們適應「正常」的生活,或會糟蹋他們的天賦

談及專注力失調及過度活躍症(Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder, 下稱ADHD),以往總會令人聯想起過分好動、難以集中的小孩,英國雜誌《經濟學人》早前刊登一篇文章,指出各個年齡層的ADHD患者正在大幅增長,當中以年輕及中年女性的升幅最大。當ADHD變得愈來愈普遍,有專家開始質疑,應否視之為一種疾病。

英國醫療智庫The Nuffield Trust指,當地約有二百萬人患有ADHD,佔人口的百分之四。英國國民保健署數據顯示,二零一八年至二零二三年間,ADHD的藥物處方量增加一倍之多。《經濟學人》引述數據,發現在美國二萬六千間診所和醫院中,ADHD患者於二零二零年至二零二二年間上升百分之六十。

研究人員認為,上述的升幅,不僅讓人更了解ADHD對女性的影響,同時顯示在急速發展的世界中,能令我們分心的事情愈來愈多,變相令ADHD患者更難自處。升幅之大,更讓愈來愈多專家質疑——究竟應否視ADHD為一種疾病?

「問題兒童」可能是「天才兒童」?

《經濟學人》引述專家意見,指出ADHD可能只是神經多樣性(Neurodiversity)光譜上的其中一點。神經多樣性的概念,由澳洲社會學家Judy Singer提出,用於形容腦部功能發展有所不同的人士,包括過度活躍症、妥瑞氏症、語言障礙及學習障礙等。Judy Singer認為,這些人士的特質,不應被視為疾病,而是大腦的另一種運作方式,神經多樣性人士具有的特質,或許會被視為「問題」,但若能好好利用,則是他們的「優勢」,強迫他們適應「正常」的生活,或會糟蹋他們與生俱來的天賦,甚至增加他們患上驚恐及憂鬱症的風險。

對有嚴重症狀的ADHD患者而言,藥物或心理治療能協助他們完成學業及工作。但大部分的ADHD患者所需要的,其實只是一個讓他們發揮所長的環境,身處適當的環境之中,就能令他們的症狀變得輕微,甚至是完全消失。

專家認為,與其採用藥物治療,嘗試調整教室及工作場所的文化,或者是更明智的做法。《經濟學人》指,在位於英國南部的城市普茲茅斯(Portsmouth),當地的教師目前已接受與神經多樣性的訓練,透過觀察學童的說話能力、能力水平、注意力及適應力,找出不同孩子的特質。

這項訓練旨在協助教師找出學童特別需要支援的地方(如︰專注力不足),以及他們的強項(如︰視覺學習能力)。教師會因應情況,將課堂安排成混合坐姿、站姿及分組工作的模式,讓有ADHD特質的學生更容易專注課堂。

某些學生會因為上課時間太旱,導致「感官超載」(sensory overload)而疲憊不堪,學校因此容許學生有更大的自由度選擇上課時間。文章亦指出,點列式的筆記、備忘便條以及降噪耳機亦有助提升這類學生的學習能力。

《經濟學人》指,這種做法能在學校和工作場所變得更為普及,當人們對神經多樣性認識更深,不但能減少校園欺凌的情況,管理層亦可更了解這類人士的特質。神經多樣性的人士通常是專家,而非通才。他們在大型會議或過分嘈雜的教室中或會表現不佳,但非常善於同時處理多項任務、重複性的活動或是需要使用視覺的工作。

文章提到,當一個文化能夠接受人與人之間的差異,用開明的態度去看待社會所訂立的規則,才能讓不同的人發揮他們的特質。

Nursing Knowledge:

Symptoms are feelings or sensations a person has, whereas signs are observable characteristics.

《與成功有約》對自己的人生負責

merit: to be worthy of or entitled or liable to

attendant: accompanying or following as a consequence or result

Our behavior is governed by principles. Living in harmony with them brings positive consequences; violating them brings negative consequences. We are free to choose our response in any situation, but in doing so, we choose the attendant consequence.

在任何情況下,我們都可以自由選擇我們的反應,但在這樣做的同時,我們也選擇了相應的後果。

quarterback: (in American football) the player who directs the team’s attacking play and passes the ball to other players at the start of each attack

The proactive approach to a mistake is to acknowledge it instantly, correct, and learn from it. This literally turns a failure into a success. "Success," said IBM founder T. J. Watson, "is on the far side of failure."

literally: accurately

But not to acknowledge a mistake, not to correct it and learn from it, is a mistake of a different order. It usually puts a person on a self-deceiving, self-justifying path, often involving rationalization (rational lies) to self and to others. This second mistake, this cover-up, empowers the first, giving it disproportionate importance, and causes far deeper injury to self.

不承認錯誤、不糾正錯誤、不從錯誤中學習,是另一種錯誤。它通常會讓一個人走上自欺欺人、自我辯解的道路,常常對自己的錯誤辯駁於事無補。這第二個錯誤、這種掩飾會加強第一個錯誤,讓它變得不成比例的重要,並對自己造成更深遠的傷害。

deceive: to make somebody believe something that is not true

disproportionate: too large or too small when compared with something else

Chasing after the poisonous snake that bites us will only drive the poison through our entire system. It is far better to take measures immediately to get the poison out.

commitment: an agreement or pledge to do something in the future

pledge: the state of being held as a security or guaranty

integrity: the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles

manifestation: a visible representation of something abstract

endowment: a quality or an ability that you are born with

conscience: the part of your mind that tells you whether your actions are right or wrong

Through our human endowments of self-awareness and conscience, we become conscious of areas of weakness, areas for improvement, areas of talent that could be developed, areas that need to be changed or eliminated from our lives. Then, as we recognize and use our imagination and independent will to act on that awareness --- making promises, setting goals, and being true to them --- we build the strength of character, the being, that makes possible every other positive thing in our lives.

透過人們的自我意識和良知,我們會意識到自己的弱點、需要改進的地方、可發展的才能、需要改變或從生活中剔除的地方。

irate: arising from anger

Don't argue for other people's weakness. Don't argue for your own. When you make a mistake, admit it, correct it, and learn from it immediately. Don't get into a blaming, accusing mode. Work on things you have control over. Work on you.

不要為別人的弱點爭論,不要為自己的弱點辯解。當您犯錯時,要立即承認、糾正並從中學習。不要陷入指責別人的模樣。努力去做你可以控制的事情,為自己而努力。

wither: to become dry and sapless

spring up: to appear or develop quickly and/or suddenly

hath: has

disposition: temperament

Samuel Johnson observed, "The fountain of content must spring up in the mind, and he who has so little knowledge of human nature as to seek happiness by changing anything but his own disposition, will waste his life in fruitless efforts and multiply the grief he proposes to remove."

vividly: in a way that produces very clear pictures in your mind

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

www.merriam-webster.com

Translated with the help with DeepL and edited

主鍵盤數字練習

中國拉美經貿互補 百年變局港有角色

【明報社評】拉丁美洲近日成為多國元首討論經貿多邊合作的舞台,國家主席習近平先到秘魯出席亞太經合會議(APEC),接着國事訪問巴西並出席G20峰會,香港行政長官李家超也出席了APEC峰會,並跟秘魯簽定自由貿易協定。世界百年不遇變局,拉丁美洲作為農產品和大宗商品重要生產地,與中國有相當高的經貿互補性,秘魯錢凱港啟用,標誌中拉兩地合作踏上新台階,香港應以長遠戰略目光而非短線近利,看待與拉美合作前景,爭取在貿易、航運、金融等方面,發揮超級聯繫人作用,借力大灣區港口一體化,為本地高端航運服務業及大宗商品市場發展,注入更多動能。

2024年11月18日星期一

指法練習

主鍵盤的數字鍵︰左手食指管理4、5兩鍵,右手食指管理6、7鍵,其餘手指依序對應其他各數字鍵。手指在擊鍵後應及時回到中基本鍵上 (ASDF JKL)。

123 45 67 890

打字練習

侍死侍生破地獄 喃嘸聲減情亦篤

【明報專訊】《破.地獄》電影近日氣勢如虹,元朗上周六亦上演一場現實版破地獄,近百人在南邊圍參與一場圍村齋——一名九旬村民的「笑喪」齋事。由傍晚六時直至子夜,約十名穿著灰色中山裝的喃嘸師傅,時而敲鑼打鼓,時而呢喃誦經,中途換裝當演員做喃嘸戲,再穿上鮮紅道袍跳過火舌上騰的火盆,寓意把亡者救離地獄焰火,又為生者祈福。部分村民坐足六小時,有人明言「看不懂」,有人直呼「好看,似看大戲」。出殯儀式日益簡化,村長唏噓打齋盛況不再,但對未來殯儀形式抱持開明態度,「最重要的,仍是照顧生者的感受」。

明報記耆 陳在心

《破.地獄》顧問︰生者感受最重要

上周六傍晚六時,港鐵元朗站旁的南邊圍村口響起鑼鼓聲,劃破寂靜——事緣一名年屆九旬的村民過身。村口搭起臨時靈堂,配以村旁老字號李炎記的花牌,讓親屬拜祭。先人的彩色肖像在一片花海微笑面向來者,兩旁輓聯歌頌她的三從四德。面向靈堂右側,直系親屬身穿白孝衣,頭綁別有白色繡花襟針的白帶,默默燒金銀衣紙。

Samson Be Happy

pay off: to finish paying money owed for something

Anytime we think the problem is "out there", that thought is the problem. We empower what's out there to control us. The change paradigm is "outside-in" --- what's out there has to change before we can change.

diligent: ​showing care and effort in your work or duties

Old Testament: the first part of the Christian Bible containing the books of the Jewish canon of Scripture

slavery: DJ[ˋsleivəri]

languish: to be forced to stay somewhere or suffer something unpleasant for a long time

Potiphar: (in the Bible) an Egyptian officer whose wife tried to seduce Joseph and then falsely accused him of attempting to rape her (Gen. 39).

seduce: to persuade somebody to have sex with you, especially somebody who is younger or who has less experience than you

captor: a person who captures a person or an animal and keeps them as a prisoner

pharaoh: a political leader of ancient Egypt

stagnant: declining

nagging: persistently annoying or finding fault with someone

wither: to become less or weaker

If I really want to improve my situation, I can work on the one thing over which I have control --- myself.

dedicated: working hard at something because it is very important to you

Sometimes the most proactive thing we can do is to be happy, just to genuinely smile. Happiness, like unhappiness, is a proactive choice.

We can be happy and accept those things at present we cannot control, while we focus our efforts on the things that we can.

店長安排我在書店做主力收銀及學校訂書,我不能控制。但我也不是沒有對策,本人已經準備申請 ACO. CRE (中文、英文、能力傾向測試、基本法及國安法) 已經全部達標,自己正準備文書處理測試的考核,十一月尾的年假會閉關練習。

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.merriam-webster.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

藏書者的苦惱

How to deal with large number of tiny insects in the books?

It sounds like you might be dealing with booklice, which are tiny insects that thrive in humid environment and feed on mold found in books and paper. Here are some steps to help you get rid of them:

Identify the infestation: Booklice are small, usually between 1 and 2 mm in length, and can be translucent, white, gray, or brown.

Reduce humidity: Since booklice thrive in moist environment, using a dehumidifier to keep the humidity below 50% can help eliminate them.

Clean and discard: Remove and discard heavily infested items. For items you want to keep, seal them in plastic bags and place them in the freezer for a couple of days to kill the insects.

Kill mold and mildew(黴菌): Clean areas with visible mold using vinegar, oxygen bleach, or borax(硼砂). Mold is a primary food source for booklice, so removing it can help control the infestation.

Vacuum regularly: Vacuum bookshelves and surrounding areas to remove any booklice and their eggs.

Natural Remedies: You can use natural sprays made from diluted peppermint, neem tree(印度苦楝樹), or tea tree oil to treat infested areas.

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