被理解的勇氣

    Seeking to understand requires consideration; seeking to be understood takes courage.

想要理解別人需要體貼，想要被別人理解就需要勇氣。

    Ethos: your personal credibility

    Pathos: emotional connection

    Logos: logical reasoning

magnificent: extremely attractive and impressive; deserving praise

embody: to include or contain something

credibility: the quality that somebody/something has that makes people believe or trust them

validity: the state of being logical and true

acquaintance: a person that you know but who is not a close friend

grandiose: seeming very impressive but too large, complicated, expensive, etc. to be practical or possible

rhetoric: (formal, often disapproving) speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincere

soapbox: a small temporary platform that somebody stands on to make a speech in a public place, usually outdoors

    When you can present your own ideas clearly, specifically, visually, and most important, contextually --- in the context of a deep understanding of other people's paradigms and concerns --- you significantly increase the credibility of your ideas.

如果你能清晰、具體、生動地表達自己的想法，並且以深入了解他人的思維方式和關注點為背景來說明，那麼你的觀點就會更有說服力。

deplete: to reduce something by a large amount so that there is not enough left; to be reduced by a large amount

reverent: ​showing deep respect

discerning: able to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something

dividend: great advantages or profits

fester: to become much worse because you do not deal with them successfully

    Make the human element as important as the financial or the technical element. You save tremendous amounts of time, energy, and money when you tap into the human resources of a business at every level.

將人性化因素看得和財務或技術因素一樣重要。當你在企業各個層面充分利用人力資源時，就能節省大量時間、精力和金錢。

    When we really, deeply understand each other, we open the door to creative solutions and third alternatives. Our differences are no longer stumbling blocks to communication and progress. Instead, they become the stepping-stones to synergy.

當我們真正理解彼此時，就能開啟創意解決方案和第三個選擇的大門。我們的差異不再是溝通與進步的障礙，而變成了邁向協同增效的墊腳石。

stumbling block: something that causes problems and prevents you from achieving your aim

Stephen R. Covey "The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Translated and rewrote by Microsoft Copilot

Edited by blogger

滑手機對腦部的影響

青少年常見的類似上癮的社群媒體使用 (addiction-like social media use, ASMU) 現象，與憂鬱和其他健康問題密切相關。本研究旨在探討大腦處理正向社交回饋的發展軌跡 (developmental trajectories of neural social feedback) 是否與後期青少年較高的ASMU水平有關。研究中，103名學生在6至9年級期間參加了1至3次功能性磁振造影 (fMRI) 掃描，期間完成了一個社交激勵延遲任務 (social incentive delay task)；大約兩年後 (10至11年級) 他們又進行了關於ASMU和憂鬱症狀的自我報告評估。

研究重點在於考察：

ASMU對大腦對正面社交回饋反應 (positive social feedback) 的影響：特別是在青春期過程中觀察大腦反應的變化。

大腦反應的發展變化與ASMU和憂鬱症狀之間的關係：同時分析了性別之間可能存在的差異。

主要發現是，在青春期期間，下列腦區的反應性逐漸降低：

腹內側前額葉皮質(ventral media prefrontal cortex)

中前額葉皮質(medial prefrontal cortex)

後扣帶皮層(posterior cingulate cortex)

右下額回(right inferior frontal gyrus)

這種反應性下降與兩年後較高的ASMU症狀有關。進一步的分析表明，對於女青少年來說，這種大腦反應性下降不僅會增加ASMU症狀，還會與憂鬱症狀的增加有關；而男青少年則未見明顯聯繫。

研究總結為：在青春期前，大腦對正向社交回饋可能會表現出過度敏感，但隨著青春期的發展，這種反應逐漸減弱，這個過程可能會增加晚期青少年出現類似上癮的社群媒體使用問題的風險。

Translated, summarized and simplified by Microsoft Copilot

Abstract

Addiction-like social media use (ASMU) is widely reported among adolescents and is associated with depression and other negative health outcomes. We aimed to identify developmental trajectories of neural social feedback processing that are linked to higher levels of ASMU in later adolescence. Within a longitudinal design, 103 adolescents completed a social incentive delay task during 1–3 fMRI scans (6–9th grade), and a 4th self-report assessment of ASMU and depressive symptoms ∼2 years later (10–11th grade). We assessed ASMU effects on brain responsivity to positive social feedback across puberty and relationships between brain responsivity development, ASMU symptoms, and depressive symptoms while considering gender effects. Findings demonstrate decreasing responsivity, across puberty, in the ventral media prefrontal cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and right inferior frontal gyrus associated with higher ASMU symptoms over 2 years later. Significant moderated mediation models suggest that these pubertal decreases in brain responsivity are associated with increased ASMU symptoms which, among adolescent girls (but not boys), is in turn associated with increased depressive symptoms. Results suggest initial hyperresponsivity to positive social feedback, before puberty onset, and decreases in this response across development, may be risk factors for ASMU in later adolescence.

Flannery, J. (2024, February 9). Developmental changes in brain function linked with addiction-like social media use two years later | Social Cognitive and affective neuroscience | oxford academic. https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/19/1/nsae008/7604373

深度學習利用人工神經網路來處理資訊，模仿人類腦部的結構與功能。人工智能每分每秒都在成長進化，然而人類無時無刻都在滑手機，瀏覽社交媒體、觀看短片，浪費自身的腦部潛能。今天，在地下鐵車廂內，一位女生正在閱讀一本麥田出版的台版書。雖然我看不到書名，但她已經成為少眾。也許你會說在手機看網絡小說有什麼分別，有機會的話，我會跟您探討它們的分野，對腦部來說，有何分別。

等電池效能提升

一般來說，單反相機（DSLR）在電池持續能力上一般會優於無反相機，主要原因在於兩者在取景和顯示方式上的差異：

• 光學取景器 vs. 電子取景器/液晶屏 單反相機使用光學取景器，不需要持續耗電來顯示影像，而無反相機則通常依賴電子取景器（Electronic Viewfinder, EVF）或後方LCD屏進行取景，這就需要長時間持續供電，從而增加了電池消耗。

• 電池續航數據差異 根據各品牌及型號的測試（如CIPA標準測試）的數據：

  • DSLR：許多單反相機能夠提供約 800 到 1500 張左右的拍攝次數。例如，某些機型高達 1900 張左右。

  • 無反相機：很多無反機型的拍攝數大約在 300 到 600 張之間，雖然有些新型號會有所提升，但普遍仍低於同級別的單反。

• 使用情境的影響 實際使用時，若頻繁使用電子取景器、直播或錄影，無反相機的電池消耗會更快。而單反在使用傳統光學取景器時，電池壽命更長。此外，有些無反相機支援省電模式、休眠功能，但在需要實時預覽的情況下，耗電量仍難以和單反相比。

• 改進與補救 隨著技術進步，近年來無反相機的電池效能已有顯著改善，且可以透過使用電池手柄、攜帶備用電池等方式來彌補續航上的不足。

總結來說，如果你需要長時間外拍且不易充電，傳統單反可能會更有優勢；而如果你追求輕便、快速以及現代化的取景和對焦體驗，無反相機則能提供更多創新的功能，儘管在電池續航上相對較弱。

Microsoft Copilot

牙齒與牛奶

在牙齒因撞擊而脫落的情況下，將脫落的牙齒放在牛奶中確實是一個有用的急救措施。這個方法可以增加牙齒成功再植的機會，因為牛奶能夠維持牙根細胞的存活，保護牙周組織的完整性。

當牙齒意外脫落時，以下是建議的緊急處理步驟：

1. 保持冷靜，迅速行動：時間是關鍵，最好在30分鐘內尋求牙醫的協助。

2. 正確拿取牙齒：只觸碰牙冠部分（即牙齒露出在口腔中的部分），避免觸碰牙根，以免損傷牙周膜細胞。

3. 輕柔清潔：如果牙齒髒了，可以用乾淨的冷水輕輕沖洗，不要使用肥皂、刷子或任何化學清潔劑。切忌擦拭或刮除牙根部的組織。

4. 嘗試重新植入：如果可能，輕輕將牙齒放回原來的牙槽中，確保方向正確。用手指輕輕按壓，或者咬住乾淨的紗布或手帕固定。但如果感到疼痛或無法正確放置，不要勉強。

5. 保持牙齒濕潤：如果無法重新植入，將牙齒放入牛奶中保存。牛奶的酸鹼度和滲透壓適中，能為牙根細胞提供必要的養分，維持其活性。切勿將牙齒浸泡在自來水中，因為水中的氯和不適當的滲透壓會損害牙根細胞。

6. 立即就醫：儘快前往牙醫診所或急診室，告知他們你攜帶著脫落的牙齒，需要緊急處理。

為什麼選擇牛奶？

牛奶被視為一種理想的臨時保存介質，因為：

• 生理相容性：牛奶的滲透壓和酸鹼度接近體液，能維持牙周膜細胞的活性。

• 營養供給：牛奶中含有蛋白質和其他營養物質，有助於細胞存活。

• 便利性：牛奶通常在家中或附近容易取得。

如果沒有牛奶，也可以使用生理鹽水。如果以上都不具備，將牙齒放在自己的口腔內，靠近面頰的地方，以唾液保持濕潤也是一種選擇。但需注意，這對於年幼的孩子或有噎食風險的人並不適合。

時間至關重要

牙齒脫落後，成功再植的機會隨時間迅速下降。在一小時內就醫，牙齒再植的成功率最高。因此，迅速採取行動非常重要。

額外提示

• 避免自行處理：不要使用任何家庭偏方或延誤治療。

• 保護其他部位：如果嘴唇或牙齦也受傷，應該用乾淨的紗布輕壓止血。

這些措施主要適用於恆牙的脫落。對於乳牙，通常不建議重新植入，因為這可能影響恆牙的正常生長。

Microsoft Copilot

孫行者與哪吒

    在孫悟空大鬧天宮的情節中，哪吒奉玉帝之命，前去捉拿孫悟空。兩人都是具有非凡法力的英雄，戰鬥場面可以說是異常激烈。他們各自施展神通，哪吒使出了三頭六臂，手持火尖槍、乾坤圈等法寶；孫悟空則運用如意金箍棒和七十二變，與之對抗。最終，哪吒雖然英勇，但難以戰勝孫悟空，只得回天復命。

    他們的相遇不僅是力量的對決，更代表了不同價值的衝突。哪吒代表天庭的秩序和權威，而孫悟空則象徵著對自由和獨立的追求。這種對立讓故事更加深刻，也引發了讀者對權威與反叛、規則與自由的思考。

    值得一提的是，哪吒和孫悟空都有著桀騁不馴的性格和叛逆的經驗。哪吒曾經為救百姓而與龍王作對，甚至削肉還父、削骨還母，表達了對命運的不屈服；孫悟空更是從石猴一路成長，挑戰權威，追求長生不老。他們的故事都傳達了強烈的個人意志和對自我價值的認同。

    在一些後來的文學作品、影視劇和遊戲中，哪吒和孫悟空也常常被放在一起，被描繪成亦敵亦友的關係。他們的互動豐富了中國神話宇宙的世界觀，讓人們對這些經典角色有了更多的想像空間。

Microsoft Copilot

Null terminator in C++

In C++, a null terminator is a special character used to signify the end of a string. It is represented by the character '\0' (also known as the null character). When a string is stored in memory, the null terminator is added at the end to indicate where the string terminates. This is particularly important for functions that process strings, as they rely on the null terminator to know when to stop reading the string.

Here’s an example to illustrate:

#include <iostream>

#include <cstring>

int main() {

    char str[] = "Hello, world!";

    std::cout << "Length of the string: " << strlen(str) << std::endl; // Output: 13

    // Manually adding a null terminator

    char customStr[6] = {'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0'};

    std::cout << "Custom string: " << customStr << std::endl; // Output: Hello

    std::cout << "Length of the custom string: " << strlen(customStr) << std::endl; // Output: 5

    return 0;

}

In this example:

The string "Hello, world!" is automatically null-terminated by the compiler.

The array customStr is manually null-terminated by adding the character '\0' at the end.

The strlen function is used to calculate the length of the string up to, but not including, the null terminator.

Microsoft Copilot

auto in C++

In C++, the auto keyword is used for type inference, meaning the compiler will automatically deduce the type of the variable from its initializer. When you use auto* p, it declares a pointer p with the type inferred from the initializer. Here's an example:

#include <iostream>

int main() {

    int x = 42;

    auto* p = &x;  // p is deduced to be an int*

    std::cout << "Value of x: " << x << std::endl;  // Output: 42

    std::cout << "Value of p: " << *p << std::endl; // Output: 42

    return 0;

}

In this example:

int x = 42; initializes an integer variable x.

auto* p = &x; declares a pointer p and initializes it with the address of x. The type of p is deduced to be int*.

Using auto can make your code cleaner and easier to read by removing the need to explicitly state the type, especially in cases where the type is complex or verbose.

Microsoft Copilot

deduce: to form an opinion about something based on the information or evidence that is available

explicitly: clearly or directly, so that the meaning is easy to understand

verbose: using or containing more words than are needed

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com