CMOS

Canon EOS 1500D 使用的是 Canon 自製的 24.1MP APS‑C 尺寸 CMOS 感光元件（約 22.3 × 14.9 mm），屬於入門級 DSLR 中「高像素、舊世代處理器」的典型組合：解析力對初學者很夠用，但高 ISO 與連拍等性能被較舊的 DIGIC 4+ 處理器限制。

Microsoft Copilot

Gratitude 感恩

gratitude: ​the feeling of being grateful and wanting to express your thanks

interplay: the way in which two or more things or people affect each other

When life gives you lemons, the familiar saying encourages you to make lemonade by turning a hard time into something positive.

lemonade:  a sweet fizzy drink that tastes of lemon

contented: showing or feeling happiness or pleasure, especially because your life is good

incorporate: to include something so that it forms a part of something

skew: to change or influence something with the result that it is not accurate, fair, normal, etc.to change or influence something with the result that it is not accurate, fair, normal, etc.

Practicing gratitude is a self-fulfilling cycle - the more you practice it, the more it reinforces positive thoughts, and the more positive thoughts you have, the more you practice gratitude.

培養感恩是一個自我實現的循環：感恩的練習會產生一種回饋效果，這個效果會促使原本的行為或心態變得更強、更穩固。

你越常練習感恩，它就越強化正向思維：練習感恩會增加你注意到生活中美好事物的頻率，進而讓你的想法更偏向正面。

你擁有越多正向思維，你就越常練習感恩：正向思維反過來會使你更容易去感恩，兩者互相促進，形成循環。

例如每天寫下三件讓你感激的小事，久而久之你會更常注意到生活中的好事，這種注意力又會讓你更願意繼續寫下感恩事項，形成良性循環。

Nicole Vignola "Rewire"

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Explained by Microsoft Copilot

改變的動機

instil: to gradually put an idea or attitude into somebody's mind; to make somebody feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time

devastating: impressive and powerful

garage: a place where vehicles are repaired and/or where you can buy a car or buy petrol and oil

Studies around the motivation of behavioral change show us that as humans we tend to ignore negative warnings and respond better to positive ones.

關於行為改變動機的研究顯示，人類往往會忽視負面警告，對正面訊息的反應較好。

frantically: ​quickly and with a lot of activity, but in a way that is not very well organized

We have negativity bias, and we tend to dwell on the negative, yet it does not make a difference to our behavior when we use it as a form of motivation to change. 我們有負面偏向，容易沉溺於負面，但當把負面當作促使改變的動機時，對行為並沒有實質影響。

想要改變某種行為時，用負面警告（例如威脅、恐嚇或強調後果）去提醒人，常常會被人忽略；相反地，用正面訊息（例如鼓勵、獎勵或強調好處）更容易引起人們的回應或配合。重點在於「訊息的呈現方式」會影響人是否願意採取行動。

「負面偏向」指的是人類心理上對負面資訊更敏感、記得更久、也更容易反覆思考負面事件。換句話說，我們會花比較多心力在壞消息或風險上。

雖然我們有負面偏向、會反覆思考負面事物，但把負面情緒或恐懼當作動機去促使改變，往往不會真正改變行為。也就是說，注意力和情緒上的「在意」不等於行為上的「改變」。

要真正改變行為，除了指出風險外，還需要可行的步驟、正向支持與持續的強化。

Nicole Vignola "Rewire"

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

Explained by Microsoft Copilot

狗與幼鳥

愛，我想，比死和死的恐懼更強大。只要依靠它，依靠這種愛，生命才能維持下去，發展下去。

[俄] 屠格涅夫《麻雀》，巴金譯

Quit U

Pertec Computer Corporation (PCC), formerly Peripheral Equipment Corporation (PEC), was a computer company based in Chatsworth, California which originally designed and manufactured peripherals such as floppy drives, tape drives, instrumentation control and other hardware for computers.

stave off: to prevent something bad from affecting you for a period of time; to delay something

interloper: a person who is present in a place or a situation where they do not belong or are not wanted

vibrant: full of life and energy

accuse: to say that somebody has done something wrong or is guilty of something

康懋達國際（Commodore International）是一家在1970至1980年代極具影響力的北美家用電腦與電子元件先驅企業。

workbench: a long, heavy table used for doing practical jobs, working with tools, etc.

vividly: ​in a way that produces very clear pictures in your mind

To snake along means to move or extend in a winding, twisting path with many curves and bends.

suitor: ​(business) a company that wants to buy another company

solicit:  (formal) to ask somebody for something, such as support, money or information; to try to get something or persuade somebody to do something

sideline: an activity that you do as well as your main job in order to earn extra money

glimpse: glimpse somebody/something to see somebody/something for a moment, but not very clearly

水密艙蓋（Watertight Hatch）是一種專門設計用於船隻、艦艇或地下設施的防護裝置，主要功能是在完全浸入水中或承受高水壓時，依然能百分之百阻止水分滲入。

pursuit: the act of looking for or trying to get something

exhilarating: very exciting and great fun

proclivity: a natural desire or need that makes you tend to do something, often something bad

hash out: to discuss something carefully and completely in order to reach an agreement or decide something

pore over: to look at or read something very carefully

scribble: to write something quickly and carelessly, especially because you do not have much time

cram: to push or force somebody/something into a small space; to move into a small space with the result that it is full

triumphant: very successful in a way that causes great pleasure

Bill Gates "Source Code"

Online Dictionaries Used:

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

dictionary.cambridge.org

Google AI Overview

習慣說

nifty: practical; working well

frother: a device for making liquid, especially milk for coffee, frothy

frothy: (of liquids) having a mass of small bubbles on the surface

halo: (in paintings, etc.) a circle of light shown around or above the head of a holy person

velvety: pleasantly smooth and soft

detriment: the act of causing harm or damage; something that causes harm or damage

The first law of neuroplasticity states that the repeated activation of a presynaptic neuron, one that is sending the signals, and a postsynaptic neuron, one that is receiving the signals, leads to an increase in the efficiency or effectiveness of communication between them.

Effective（有效果的）著重於結果與目標達成，而 efficient（有效率的）則著重於過程與資源利用（省時、省力、省成本）。

Most of the time we are going through life in automatic mode without really thinking, and negative thoughts can arise like they always have, and because those pathways have been strengthened through repetition we go down that well-trodden path...yet again.

大多數時間我們處於自動模式，在日常生活中並未真正用心思考。負面念頭會像以往一樣自動浮現，因為大腦中對應的神經通路經由反覆使用而被強化。結果我們便再次沿著那條熟悉且被踏得很深的思維小徑走下去。

well-trodden: (of a road or path) much used

The first law of neuroplasticity also states that the order and timing of the spikes (neurons communicating) determine the size and magnitude of a connection being strengthened (or weakened).

compassion (for somebody) a strong feeling of sympathy for people or animals who are suffering and a desire to help them

Nicole Vignola "Rewire"

hk.dictionary.search.yahoo.com

oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com

dictionary.cambridge.org

Explained by Microsoft Copilot and Edited

Lambda

def someFunc(var1, var2, var3, var4):

someFunc(var1=1,2,3,4)

This call is not valid Python syntax.

Once you start with a keyword argument (var1=1), every argument that follows must also be a keyword argument.

You can’t drop back into plain positional arguments afterward.

def someFunc(func):

    print(func(5) + 2)

someFunc(lambda x: x * 3)

Function definition

• someFunc takes one argument, func.

• Inside, it calls func(5) and then adds 2 to the result.

• Finally, it prints that value.

Calling with a lambda

• You pass in lambda x: x * 3.

• That’s an anonymous function that multiplies its input by 3.

Execution

• Inside someFunc, func(5) runs → 5 * 3 = 15.

• Then 15 + 2 = 17.

This is a neat example of higher-order functions: you’re passing a function as an argument to another function.

Microsoft Copilot