Flash Exposure

Flash, compulsory

Reduction of flash output

The object is too dark.

Origin

According to a Greek myth, the Milky Way was created when Hera, the wife of Zeus, pushed away his son Heracles, who was suckling on her breast, and some drops of milk spilled into the sky. The word “galaxy” itself comes from the Greek word for "milk".

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Incomplete sleep cycle and napping

An incomplete sleep cycle can make you feel sleepy during the day. A sleep cycle is a period of about 90 minutes that consists of four stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and one stage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Each stage has different characteristics and functions for your brain and body. 

However, if your sleep cycle is interrupted by factors such as noise, light, stress, or medical conditions, you may not be able to progress through all the stages of sleep or get enough sleep cycles. This can result in sleep deprivation, which can cause daytime sleepiness, impaired concentration, mood changes, and increased risk of accidents and health problems.

To avoid incomplete sleep cycles and improve your sleep quality, you can try the following tips:

I) Stick to a regular sleep schedule, going to bed and waking up at the same time every day, even on weekends and holidays.

II) Avoid caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, and heavy meals close to bedtime, as they can interfere with your sleep quality and duration.

III) Create a comfortable and relaxing sleep environment, with minimal noise, light, and temperature.

IV) Follow a relaxing bedtime routine, such as reading, listening to soothing music, or meditating, to help you unwind and prepare for sleep.

V) Avoid using electronic devices, such as phones, computers, and TVs, at least an hour before bed, as they can emit blue light that can suppress your melatonin production and disrupt your circadian rhythm.

A nap is a short period of sleep that usually occurs during the day. Napping can have various benefits, such as improving alertness, mood, memory, and reducing stress. However, napping can also have some drawbacks, such as interfering with your nighttime sleep, causing grogginess, or affecting your health.

The relationship between napping and sleep cycles is complex and depends on several factors, such as the timing, duration, and quality of your naps and your nocturnal sleep. Generally speaking, the best time to take a nap is in the early to mid-afternoon, when most people experience a natural decline in energy and alertness. The best duration for a nap is between 10 and 30 minutes, which allows you to get some light and REM sleep without entering deep NREM sleep. This can help you wake up feeling refreshed and alert without experiencing sleep inertia (the feeling of grogginess and disorientation after waking up from a deep sleep).

Longer naps can have the opposite effect, as they can cause more sleep inertia and reduce your sleep drive at night. Shorter naps may not be enough to provide any significant benefits.

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日本古代的漢字應用

日本古代使用了中國漢字，但也有自己的發展和變化。根據歷史記載，日本最早接觸到中國漢字是在公元前1世紀，當時日本的倭國和中國的漢朝有過貿易和外交往來，並通過朝貢和使節的方式獲得了漢字的書籍和文物 。

日本的漢字使用在奈良時代達到了高峰，當時日本的政治、文化、宗教等方面都受到了中國唐朝的強烈影響，並大量採用了漢字作為官方的書寫語言。日本的第一部歷史書《古事記》和第一部法典《大寶律令》都是用漢字書寫的 。然而，漢字並不能完全表達日本語的語法和發音，因此日本人開始創造了一些新的文字系統，如平假名和片假名，來表示日本語的音節和詞尾。平假名和片假名都是從漢字的部分筆畫或簡化字演變而來的，並與漢字混合使用，形成了日本獨特的文字風格 。

日本的漢字使用在平安時代開始衰落，當時日本的政治和文化逐漸脫離了中國的影響，並發展出了自己的風格和特色。日本的文人開始用平假名書寫日本語的文學作品，如《源氏物語》，而不再依賴漢字。漢字的使用範圍也逐漸縮小，主要限於官方的文書和學術的著作 。

日本的漢字使用在江戶時代又有了復興，當時日本的社會和經濟發生了巨大的變化，導致了文化和教育的普及和發展。日本的文人開始重視漢字的學習和研究，並創造了一些新的漢字，如「島」、「雪」、「鳥」等，來表示日本特有的事物和概念。日本的平民也開始學習和使用漢字，並發展出了一種簡化的漢字，稱為「草書」，來書寫日常的信件和帳簿 。

日本的漢字使用在明治時代遇到了挑戰，當時日本的政治和社會發生了近代化的變革，並與西方國家有了廣泛的交流和合作。日本的政府和學者開始推行一些文字改革，以適應新的時代和環境。他們試圖減少漢字的使用，並引進了一些外來的文字，如羅馬字和片仮名，來表示外來語和科學術語。他們還制定了一些規範和標準，以統一漢字的寫法和讀法 。

日本的漢字使用在現代仍然保持了一定的地位和功能，但也面臨著一些新的問題和挑戰。日本的漢字數量和難度都很高，對於學習和使用者來說都是一種負擔和壓力。日本的漢字和中國的漢字也有一些差異和不一致，對於跨文化的交流和理解也有一定的障礙。日本的漢字和電子媒體和網絡技術也有一些不適應和不兼容，對於信息的傳遞和處理也有一些限制和困難 。

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Can hot food damage our teeth?

Hot food can damage the tooth if the tooth enamel is weakened or eroded by other factors, such as acidic or sugary foods and beverages, or dental decay. When the tooth enamel is compromised, the underlying layer of dentine, which is more sensitive and less resistant to heat, is exposed. This can cause pain and discomfort when eating or drinking hot food.

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由被照顧變為照料者

看著父母的年紀一天比一天增長，還每天都在照顧自己的起居飲食，心裡有一種羞愧。當他們不能自己照顧自己的時候，真的要安排讓他們住在安老院、護理安老院或護養院？院社由登記到成功入住要等多久？公營和私營有何分別？價格又是如何？太多事情都沒有了解過。

雖然自己有基本的護理知識，但真的可放棄工作，在沒有薪金的支持下做一個全職的照顧者？我現在的工作不能讓我滾存足夠的資金籌劃未來，支持現時自己的生活還勉勉強強，將來做一個全職的照顧者恐怕不行。孝順，談何容易？！

眼見政府對照顧者的支援嚴重不足，很多時出現長者照顧長者。政府在愛國工程、未知成果的基建上亂花金錢，對真正有需要人士漠不關心。照顧者經濟上、心理上的壓力爆表。基層市民尚有少許非牟利機構支持，爸爸算是夾心階層，只有自求多福。

Identity and Habits

The more pride you have in a particular aspect of your identity, the more motivated you will be to maintain the habits associated with it.

For example:

The goal is not to read a book, the goal is to become a reader.

Clear, J. (2019). Atomic habits: An easy & proven way to build Good Habits & Break Bad Ones. Avery, an imprint of Penguin Random House.